这里把规范谓词表达式的部分就整理完了,阅读的顺序如下:
一、PostgreSQL代码分析,查询优化部分,canonicalize_qual
二、PostgreSQL代码分析,查询优化部分,pull_ands()和pull_ors()
三、PostgreSQL代码分析,查询优化部分,process_duplicate_ors
- /*
- * process_duplicate_ors
- * Given a list of exprs which are ORed together,try to apply
- * the inverse OR distributive law.
- *
- * Returns the resulting expression (could be an AND clause,an OR
- * clause,or maybe even a single subexpression).
- */
- /*
- * 假设我们有四个表,分别是TEST_A,TEST_B,TEST_C,TEST_D,每个表有一列,* 也就是TEST_A有一个A列,TEST_B有一个B列,以此类推。
- *
- * 这个函数处理这种情况,对于一个选择,SELECT * FROM TEST_A,TEST_D
- * WHERE (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1 AND D=1);
- *
- * 语句中的WHERE条件:
- * (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1 AND D=1)
- * 可以改写为:
- * (A=1)AND (B=1 OR C=1 OR D=1)
- * 这就是这个函数的主要功能。
- *
- * 这个函数的参数是一个list,对于上述的WHERE条件,orlist的结构如下:
- * orlist中有一个元素,是OR_EXPR类型的BoolExpr,BoolExpr中的结构如下:
- typedef struct BoolExpr
- {
- Expr xpr; = 略
- BoolExprType boolop; = OR_EXPR
- List *args; = OR中的3个条件,即(A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1 AND D=1)
- bool plusFlag; = 略
- } BoolExpr;
- *
- * 下面分析函数的具体实现,大致的步骤为:
- * 1)分析每个OR中的公共项, 2)提取公共项, 3)合并剩余项为AND。
- */
- static Expr *
- process_duplicate_ors(List *orlist)
- {
- List *reference = NIL;
- int num_subclauses = 0;
- List *winners;
- List *neworlist;
- ListCell *temp;
- if (orlist == NIL)
- return NULL; /* probably can't happen */
- /* 如果只有一个。。。。,那就算了吧 */
- if (list_length(orlist) == 1) /* single-expression OR (can this
- * happen?) */
- return linitial(orlist);
- /*
- * Choose the shortest AND clause as the reference list --- obvIoUsly,any
- * subclause not in this clause isn't in all the clauses. If we find a
- * clause that's not an AND,we can treat it as a one-element AND clause,* which necessarily wins as shortest.
- */
- /*
- * “找最短”。
- * 在WHERE语句中:
- * (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1 AND D=1)
- * OR操作串联了3个子语句,找到其中最短的一个,因为如果有公共项,那么最短的那个也一定
- * 包含公共项,那么通过找到最短的那个,在后面的操作里能减少 比较 的次数。
- * 在上面的WHERE语句中,3个子语句的长度相同,按照如下执行过程,找到的应该是(A=1 AND B=1),
- * 即第一个。
- */
- foreach(temp,orlist)
- {
- Expr *clause = (Expr *) lfirst(temp);
- if (and_clause((Node *) clause))
- {
- List *subclauses = ((BoolExpr *) clause)->args;
- int nclauses = list_length(subclauses);
- /*
- * 这里判断子语句里的长度,比如对于(A=1 AND B=1)子语句,
- * 他实际上是一个AND连接起来的两个 子子语句, 那么他的长度就是2。
- *
- * 通过nclauses记录最短的子语句,如果有更短的(nclauses < num_subclauses),
- * 那么就替换成最短的。
- */
- if (reference == NIL || nclauses < num_subclauses)
- {
- reference = subclauses;
- num_subclauses = nclauses;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /*
- * 还有一种情况, 就是可能子句不是一个AND语句,这样看上去不大符合规则,
- * 那么把他看做一个整体,那这个就是最短元素。
- *
- ******************************
- * 如果代码执行到这里,那么只有两种情况:
- * 一种是 ... WHERE (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1)。
- * 一种是 ... WHERE ((A=1 OR C=1) AND B=1) OR (A=1 OR C=1).
- * 如果是这两种情况,都可以做如下简化:
- * 第一种情况简化为 A=1
- * 第二种情况化简为 (A=1 OR C=1)
- *
- * 第三种情况待补充...
- */
- reference = list_make1(clause);
- break;
- }
- }
- /*
- * Just in case,eliminate any duplicates in the reference list.
- */
- /* 找到最短的, 存到List */
- reference = list_union(NIL,reference);
- /*
- * Check each element of the reference list to see if it's in all the OR
- * clauses. Build a new list of winning clauses.
- */
- /*
- * “找公共项”。
- *
- * NOTE:这时候就能体现“找最短”带来的优势,外层循环次数会少一些。
- *
- * 如果WHERE语句是:
- * (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1 AND C=1) OR (A=1 AND D=1)
- * “找最短”中找到的一定是(A=1 AND B=1)。
- * 则外层会有两次循环...(foreach(temp,reference)),两次循环的变量分别为
- * A=1 和 B=1。
- * 内层有三次循环...(foreach(temp2,orlist)),三次循环的变量分别为
- * (A=1 AND B=1) 和 (A=1 AND C=1) 和 (A=1 AND D=1)
- *
- * 示例如下:
- * 假如现在外层循环第一次执行,即查找A=1的公共项,进而假如内层循环也是第一次执行,
- * 即在(A=1 AND B=1)中查找是否存在A=1这个公共项,发现是存在的(list_member),
- * 则依次判断内层循环的第二个子句...
- *
- * 如上例,具体来说,这些循环分别作的操作是:
- * 外层第一次:
- * 判断A=1是否在(A=1 AND B=1),在,判断下一个
- * 判断A=1是否在(A=1 AND C=1),在,判断下一个
- * 判断A=1是否在(A=1 AND D=1),在,A=1是公共项,记录(winners = lappend...)
- * 外层第二次:
- * 判断B=1是否在(A=1 AND B=1),在,判断下一个
- * 判断B=1是否在(A=1 AND C=1),不在,跳出循环,下一个不用判断了。
- * 判断B=1是否在(A=1 AND D=1),未执行,因为上一个不含公共项,就不可能提取了。
- */
- winners = NIL;
- foreach(temp,reference)
- {
- Expr *refclause = (Expr *) lfirst(temp);
- bool win = true;
- ListCell *temp2;
- foreach(temp2,orlist)
- {
- Expr *clause = (Expr *) lfirst(temp2);
- if (and_clause((Node *) clause))
- {
- if (!list_member(((BoolExpr *) clause)->args,refclause))
- {
- win = false;
- break;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- if (!equal(refclause,clause))
- {
- win = false;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (win)
- winners = lappend(winners,refclause);
- }
- /*
- * If no winners,we can't transform the OR
- */
- if (winners == NIL)
- return make_orclause(orlist);
- /*
- * Generate new OR list consisting of the remaining sub-clauses.
- *
- * If any clause degenerates to empty,then we have a situation like (A
- * AND B) OR (A),which can be reduced to just A --- that is,the
- * additional conditions in other arms of the OR are irrelevant.
- *
- * Note that because we use list_difference,any multiple occurrences of a
- * winning clause in an AND sub-clause will be removed automatically.
- */
- /*
- * “提取公共项”。
- * 用list_difference删除公共项,实现细节不在赘述。
- */
- neworlist = NIL;
- foreach(temp,orlist)
- {
- Expr *clause = (Expr *) lfirst(temp);
- if (and_clause((Node *) clause))
- {
- List *subclauses = ((BoolExpr *) clause)->args;
- /* 看这里...看这里...,消除公共项 */
- subclauses = list_difference(subclauses,winners);
- if (subclauses != NIL)
- {
- /* 消除后,剩余的拼接起来,拼接成:(B=1 OR C=1 OR D=1)*/
- if (list_length(subclauses) == 1)
- neworlist = lappend(neworlist,linitial(subclauses));
- else
- neworlist = lappend(neworlist,make_andclause(subclauses));
- }
- else
- {
- /*
- * 这说明子语句中,有一个全部是公共项,也就是如下形式:
- * ... WHERE (A=1 AND B=1) OR (A=1)
- *
- * 这时候公共项是A=1,第一个子句是(A=1 AND B=1),第二个子句是(A=1),* 第二个子句经过list_difference,返回的结果是NULL。
- * 对于这种情况,实际上可以化简为:A=1,因为(A=1 AND B=1)一定满足A=1的情况。
- */
- neworlist = NIL; /* degenerate case,see above */
- break;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- if (!list_member(winners,clause))
- neworlist = lappend(neworlist,clause);
- else
- {
- neworlist = NIL; /* degenerate case,see above */
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- /*
- * Append reduced OR to the winners list,if it's not degenerate,handling
- * the special case of one element correctly (can that really happen?).
- * Also be careful to maintain AND/OR flatness in case we pulled up a
- * sub-sub-OR-clause.
- */
- if (neworlist != NIL)
- {
- if (list_length(neworlist) == 1)
- winners = lappend(winners,linitial(neworlist));
- else
- /*neworlist里面应该是(B=1 OR C=1 OR D=1),所以用make_orclause */
- winners = lappend(winners,make_orclause(pull_ors(neworlist)));
- }
- /*
- * And return the constructed AND clause,again being wary of a single
- * element and AND/OR flatness.
- */
- if (list_length(winners) == 1)
- return (Expr *) linitial(winners);
- else
- /* 返回的形式是:(A=1)AND (B=1 OR C=1 OR D=1),所以会用make_andclause */
- return make_andclause(pull_ands(winners));
- }