Kickstart无人值守安装CentOS

前端之家收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了Kickstart无人值守安装CentOS前端之家小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。

一、准备工作

  1. [root@kickstart~]#iptables-nL
  2. ChainINPUT(policyACCEPT)
  3. targetprotoptsourcedestination
  4. ChainFORWARD(policyACCEPT)
  5. targetprotoptsourcedestination
  6. ChainOUTPUT(policyACCEPT)
  7. targetprotoptsourcedestination
  8. [root@kickstart~]#getenforce
  9. Disabled
  10. [root@kickstart~]#crontab-l
  11. 0****/usr/sbin/ntpdate210.72.145.4464.147.116.229time.nist.gov
  12. [root@kickstart~]#hostname
  13. kickstart.contoso.com

相关服务器及服务说明如下:

角色 IP地址 服务 说明
Kickstart服务器 192.168.49.201 apache,dhcp,tftp,kickstart VMware NAT网络
Centos客户端 192.168.49.4
待安装操作系统,pxe启动

二、安装过程

1、挂载CentOS 6.5系统盘

  1. [root@kickstart~]#mount/dev/sr0/mnt
  2. mount:blockdevice/dev/sr0iswrite-protected,mountingread-only
  3. [root@kickstart~]#mount
  4. /dev/sda3on/typeext4(rw)
  5. procon/proctypeproc(rw)
  6. sysfson/systypesysfs(rw)
  7. devptson/dev/ptstypedevpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)
  8. tmpfson/dev/shmtypetmpfs(rw)
  9. /dev/sda1on/boottypeext4(rw)
  10. noneon/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misctypebinfmt_misc(rw)
  11. /dev/sr0on/mnttypeiso9660(ro)

2、安装apache并启动服务

  1. [root@kickstart~]#yum-yinstallhttpd
  2. [root@kickstart~]#rpm-qa|grephttpd
  3. httpd-tools-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64
  4. httpd-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64
  5. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/httpdstart

待服务启动后,将/mnt下的光盘文件拷贝到/var/www/html中去(当然也可以省略这一步,可以配置apache的根目录为/mnt即可,这里为了不去修改apache配置所以添加该步骤):

  1. cp-aR/mnt/*/var/www/html
  2. [root@kickstart~]#ll/var/www/html/
  3. total324
  4. -r--r--r--1rootroot14Nov292013CentOS_BuildTag
  5. dr-xr-xr-x3rootroot4096Nov292013EFI
  6. -r--r--r--1rootroot212Nov282013EULA
  7. -r--r--r--1rootroot18009Nov282013GPL
  8. dr-xr-xr-x3rootroot4096Nov292013images
  9. dr-xr-xr-x2rootroot4096Nov292013isolinux
  10. -rw-r--r--1rootroot1126Jul1401:58ks.cfg
  11. dr-xr-xr-x2rootroot258048Nov292013Packages
  12. -r--r--r--1rootroot1354Nov282013RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html
  13. dr-xr-xr-x2rootroot4096Nov292013repodata
  14. -r--r--r--1rootroot1706Nov282013RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
  15. -r--r--r--1rootroot1730Nov282013RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
  16. -r--r--r--1rootroot1730Nov282013RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
  17. -r--r--r--1rootroot1734Nov282013RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
  18. -r--r--r--1rootroot3380Nov292013TRANS.TBL

3、安装tftp-server,并启用tftp服务

  1. [root@kickstart~]#yum-yinstalltftp-server
  2. [root@kickstart~]#rpm-qa|greptftp
  3. tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64
  4. [root@kickstart~]#sed-i'/disable/s/yes/no/'/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  5. [root@kickstart~]#sed-n'/disable/p'/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  6. disable=no
  7. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/xinetdstart
  8. Startingxinetd:[OK]

4、准备pxe启动所需文件

  1. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/
  2. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/
  3. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/isolinux/*.msg/var/lib/tftpboot/
  4. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/isolinux/splash.jpg/var/lib/tftpboot/
  5. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/isolinux/vesamenu.c32/var/lib/tftpboot/
  6. [root@kickstart~]#mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
  7. [root@kickstart~]#cp/var/www/html/isolinux/isolinux.cfg/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

5、安装syslinux并拷贝pxelinux.0文件

  1. [root@kickstart~]#yum-yinstallsyslinux
  2. Loadedplugins:fastestmirror,security
  3. Loadingmirrorspeedsfromcachedhostfile
  4. SettingupInstallProcess
  5. ResolvingDependencies
  6. -->Runningtransactioncheck
  7. --->Packagesyslinux.x86_640:4.04-3.el6willbeinstalled
  8. -->ProcessingDependency:syslinux-nonlinuxforpackage:syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64
  9. -->ProcessingDependency:mtoolsforpackage:syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64
  10. -->Runningtransactioncheck
  11. --->Packagemtools.x86_640:4.0.12-1.el6willbeinstalled
  12. --->Packagesyslinux-nonlinux.noarch0:4.04-3.el6willbeinstalled
  13. -->FinishedDependencyResolution
  14. DependenciesResolved
  15. ===========================================================================================
  16. PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
  17. ===========================================================================================
  18. Installing:
  19. syslinuxx86_644.04-3.el6base346k
  20. Installingfordependencies:
  21. mtoolsx86_644.0.12-1.el6base194k
  22. syslinux-nonlinuxnoarch4.04-3.el6base584k
  23. TransactionSummary
  24. ===========================================================================================
  25. Install3Package(s)
  26. Totaldownloadsize:1.1M
  27. Installedsize:2.5M
  28. DownloadingPackages:
  29. (1/3):mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm|194kB00:00
  30. (2/3):syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64.rpm|346kB00:00
  31. (3/3):syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch.rpm|584kB00:00
  32. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  33. Total1.1MB/s|1.1MB00:01
  34. Runningrpm_check_debug
  35. RunningTransactionTest
  36. TransactionTestSucceeded
  37. RunningTransaction
  38. Installing:mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_641/3
  39. Installing:syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch2/3
  40. Installing:syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_643/3
  41. Verifying:syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_641/3
  42. Verifying:syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch2/3
  43. Verifying:mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_643/3
  44. Installed:
  45. syslinux.x86_640:4.04-3.el6
  46. DependencyInstalled:
  47. mtools.x86_640:4.0.12-1.el6syslinux-nonlinux.noarch0:4.04-3.el6
  48. Complete!
  49. [root@kickstart~]#rpm-qlsyslinux-nonlinux
  50. /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr.bin
  51. /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_c.bin
  52. /usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_f.bin
  53. /usr/share/syslinux/cat.c32
  54. /usr/share/syslinux/chain.c32
  55. /usr/share/syslinux/cmd.c32
  56. /usr/share/syslinux/config.c32
  57. /usr/share/syslinux/cpuid.c32
  58. /usr/share/syslinux/cpuidtest.c32
  59. /usr/share/syslinux/disk.c32
  60. /usr/share/syslinux/dmitest.c32
  61. /usr/share/syslinux/elf.c32
  62. /usr/share/syslinux/ethersel.c32
  63. /usr/share/syslinux/gfxboot.c32
  64. /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin
  65. /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_c.bin
  66. /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_f.bin
  67. /usr/share/syslinux/gpxecmd.c32
  68. /usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
  69. /usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinuxk.0
  70. /usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32
  71. /usr/share/syslinux/host.c32
  72. /usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu.c32
  73. /usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu64.c32
  74. /usr/share/syslinux/ifplop.c32
  75. /usr/share/syslinux/int18.com
  76. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin
  77. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_c.bin
  78. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_f.bin
  79. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx.bin
  80. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_c.bin
  81. /usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_f.bin
  82. /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux-debug.bin
  83. /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin
  84. /usr/share/syslinux/kbdmap.c32
  85. /usr/share/syslinux/linux.c32
  86. /usr/share/syslinux/ls.c32
  87. /usr/share/syslinux/lua.c32
  88. /usr/share/syslinux/mboot.c32
  89. /usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin
  90. /usr/share/syslinux/mbr_c.bin
  91. /usr/share/syslinux/mbr_f.bin
  92. /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk
  93. /usr/share/syslinux/memdump.com
  94. /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32
  95. /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32
  96. /usr/share/syslinux/pcitest.c32
  97. /usr/share/syslinux/pmload.c32
  98. /usr/share/syslinux/poweroff.com
  99. /usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32
  100. /usr/share/syslinux/pxechain.com
  101. /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
  102. /usr/share/syslinux/reboot.c32
  103. /usr/share/syslinux/rosh.c32
  104. /usr/share/syslinux/sanboot.c32
  105. /usr/share/syslinux/sdi.c32
  106. /usr/share/syslinux/sysdump.c32
  107. /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.com
  108. /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.exe
  109. /usr/share/syslinux/syslinux64.exe
  110. /usr/share/syslinux/ver.com
  111. /usr/share/syslinux/vesainfo.c32
  112. /usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
  113. /usr/share/syslinux/vpdtest.c32
  114. /usr/share/syslinux/whichsys.c32
  115. [root@kickstart~]#cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/

5、安装dhcp并启动服务

  1. [root@kickstart~]#yum-yinstalldhcp
  2. [root@kickstart~]#vi/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
  3. [root@kickstart~]#cat/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
  4. #
  5. #DHCPServerConfigurationfile.
  6. #see/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
  7. #see'man5dhcpd.conf'
  8. #
  9. ddns-update-styleinterim;#设置DHCP服务器模式
  10. ignoreclient-updates;#禁止客户端更新
  11. log-facilitylocal7;#使用rsyslog记录日志
  12. subnet192.168.49.0netmask255.255.255.0{
  13. range192.168.49.3192.168.49.30;#地址池
  14. optionrouters192.168.49.2;#网关地址
  15. optionsubnet-mask255.255.255.0;#子网掩码
  16. optiondomain-name-servers192.168.49.2;#设置DNS
  17. optiondomain-name"contoso.com";#域名搜索列表
  18. default-lease-time600;#默认租约期限(单位秒)
  19. max-lease-time7200;#最大租约期限(单位秒)
  20. next-server192.168.49.201;#下一个访问的服务器地址,tftp服务器地址
  21. filename"pxelinux.0";#在next-server上需要下载的文件
  22. }
  23. [root@kickstart~]#servicedhcpdconfigtest
  24. Syntax:OK
  25. [root@kickstart~]#dhcpd
  26. InternetSystemsConsortiumDHCPServer4.1.1-P1
  27. Copyright2004-2010InternetSystemsConsortium.
  28. Allrightsreserved.
  29. Forinfo,pleasevisithttps://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
  30. NotsearchingLDAPsinceldap-server,ldap-portandldap-base-dnwerenotspecifiedintheconfigfile
  31. Wrote0leasestoleasesfile.
  32. ListeningonLPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
  33. SendingonLPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
  34. SendingonSocket/fallback/fallback-net
  35. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/dhcpdstart
  36. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/dhcpdstatus
  37. dhcpd(pid1670)isrunning...

6、检查相关服务运行情况并添加开机自启动

  1. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/httpdstatus
  2. httpd(pid1770)isrunning...
  3. [root@kickstart~]#chkconfighttpdon
  4. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/xinetdstatus
  5. xinetd(pid1585)isrunning...
  6. [root@kickstart~]#chkconfigxinetdon
  7. [root@kickstart~]#/etc/init.d/dhcpdstatus
  8. dhcpd(pid1670)isrunning...
  9. [root@kickstart~]#chkconfigdhcpdon

7、准备ks.cfg文件

下面通过system-config-kickstart的图形界面进行无人值守安装设置,如果熟知ks.cfg文件的格式,可以自己写脚本来完成,当然这里只是示例。

因为system-config-kickstart需要在图形界面下操作,所以首先要在操作系统中安装图形界面:

  1. [root@kickstarthttpd]#yum-ygroupinstall'XWindowSystem'
  2. yum-ygroupinstall'Desktop'
  3. yum-ygroupinstall'DesktopPlatform''DesktopPlatformDevelopment''GraphicalAdministrationTools'

然后,使用yum安装system-config-kickstart:

  1. [root@kickstarthttpd]#yuminstallsystem-config-kickstart

最后,执行system-config-kickstart命令:

  1. [root@kickstarthttpd]#system-config-kickstart

wKiom1lt69eyD2uAAAIYT-mw7Ns525.png-wh_50

基本设置,包含语言、时区、root密码等信息,

wKiom1lt7AfRRrqSAAFS9zBHTcc181.png-wh_50

选择安装方式和安装源,

wKiom1lt7GiCBt9pAAG7MDNeguI541.png-wh_50

选择安装类型,GRUB选项以及安装选项,

wKioL1lt7JTBqU0QAAIRNilFb5I553.png-wh_50

磁盘分区相关选项,

wKiom1lt7NLg4hHhAAExjshAgY8017.png-wh_50

网络配置选项,

wKioL1lt7OvDGcOuAAGFoW4wXvc277.png-wh_50

登录认证方式设置,有多种认证方式可选,如NIS、LDAP、Kerberos5等等,

wKioL1lt7SOALOqNAAFQBtXQI38972.png-wh_50

防火墙设置,

wKiom1lt7TSjtBaGAAEPSDn3ZEI720.png-wh_50

显示配置,

wKioL1lt7UazDf8dAAJfoQ8Olnc195.png-wh_50

选择软件包,

wKioL1lt7YCQwCNAAAFE4FeOl3I107.png-wh_50

预安装脚本,

wKioL1lt7abya8LzAAFb2xZtAZ8268.png-wh_50

安装后的处理脚本,

wKiom1lt7gSBYyq7AAFue5tmntA119.png-wh_50

选好之后,点击“File",然后在下拉菜单中选择“Save”,

wKiom1lt7lCiWqt1AAII5bM3AVo754.png-wh_50

选择文件保存位置,确定后选择save保存。

  1. [root@kickstarthttpd]#ll/var/www/html/ks.cfg
  2. -rw-r--r--1rootroot1126Jul1401:58/var/www/html/ks.cfg
  3. [root@kickstarthttpd]#cat/var/www/html/ks.cfg
  4. #platform=x86,AMD64,orIntelEM64T
  5. #version=DEVEL
  6. #Firewallconfiguration
  7. firewall--disabled
  8. #InstallOSinsteadofupgrade
  9. install
  10. #Usenetworkinstallation
  11. url--url="http://192.168.49.201/"
  12. #Rootpassword
  13. rootpw--iscrypted$1$Y8sHozoZ$2BCNRpLHzBEab6Etd46hF1
  14. #Systemauthorizationinformation
  15. auth--useshadow--passalgo=sha512
  16. #Usegraphicalinstall
  17. graphical
  18. #Systemkeyboard
  19. keyboardus
  20. #Systemlanguage
  21. langen_US
  22. #SELinuxconfiguration
  23. selinux--disabled
  24. #DonotconfiguretheXWindowSystem
  25. skipx
  26. #Installationlogginglevel
  27. logging--level=info
  28. #Rebootafterinstallation
  29. reboot
  30. #Systemtimezone
  31. timezone--isUtcAsia/Chongqing
  32. #Networkinformation
  33. network--bootproto=dhcp--device=eth0--onboot=on
  34. #Systembootloaderconfiguration
  35. bootloader--location=mbr
  36. #CleartheMasterBootRecord
  37. zerombr
  38. #Partitionclearinginformation
  39. clearpart--all--initlabel
  40. #Diskpartitioninginformation
  41. part/boot--fstype="ext4"--size=200
  42. partswap--fstype="swap"--size=1024
  43. part/--fstype="ext4"--grow--size=1
  44. %packages
  45. @base
  46. @chinese-support
  47. @development
  48. cjkuni-fonts-ghostscript
  49. dos2unix
  50. %end

8、修改/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default,使客户端自动加载ks.cfg配置

  1. [root@kickstarthttpd]#vi/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
  2. [root@kickstarthttpd]#cat/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
  3. ......
  4. labellinux
  5. menulabel^Installorupgradeanexistingsystem
  6. menudefault
  7. kernelvmlinuz
  8. appendinitrd=initrd.imgks=http://192.168.49.201/ks.cfgtext
  9. ......

三、测试

创建一个VMware虚拟机,网络选择NAT模式,然后不添加启动影响,开机启动

wKiom1lt8vij7hr4AAfKZTalG4U351.png-wh_50

开机看到这个画面,很亲切啊有木有,

wKioL1lt8yDSiD0EAAAXwZ0lBpk208.png-wh_50

选择键盘类型,

wKiom1lt8znwaEDXAAAXBda8kAU624.png-wh_50

选择安装方式,

wKioL1lt82DAizZEAAAaND1sKe4804.png-wh_50

填写kickstart服务器的地址,

wKiom1lt84Cgv10fAAKPBclDZYQ613.png-wh_50

好吧,系统已经开始安装了,

wKiom1lt85fQ5uF3AAAXRiHdbrg472.png-wh_50

安装中,

wKiom1lt87DyvowaAAAXhw9RLEU249.png-wh_50

安装接近尾声,

wKioL1lt87GDbzdIAABbuCQlxeI791.png-wh_50

安装结束,使用之前设置的密码成功进入操作系统,因为没有安装图形桌面,所以就是这样的界面了,ok,至此成功结束。

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