Linux下对于软件包的管理使用rpm管理方式。直接使用rpm包管理工具来进行rpm包的安装,升级,卸载时,对于最让人头疼的莫过与包之间的依赖关系。yum作为一个rpm包前端管理工具,可以自动处理依赖性关系,一次安装所有依赖的软件包,并且支持在线下载、安装、卸载、升级rpm软件包。本文主要描述基于本机,本地yum服务器配置yum源,以及基于公网yum源配置本地客户端,供大家参考。
一、yum源实现的三个机制
1、需要有一个包含各种rpm安装文件的软件仓库(即yum源)
2、有软件仓库的仓库数据库(repodata),其中收集了软件仓库中所有rpm包的头部信息(每个rpm包的包头信息包含了该包的描述,功能,提供的文件,依赖关系等信息);
3、有软件仓库的地址等信息
二、配置本地yum源
- 创建rpm包文件存放目录及复制相关文件
- # mkdir -pv /mnt/CentOS7_ISO
- # cd /run/media/robin/CentOS\ 7\ x86_64/
- # cp -R * /mnt/CentOS7_ISO/
-
- 修改yum源repo文件配置
- # cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
- # mkdir old
- # mv *.repo old
-
- 编辑repo配置文件
- # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
- [local-media]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
- baseurl=file:///mnt/CentOS7_ISO/
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-
- 清空yum缓存目录
- [root@centos7-router yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- Cleaning repos: local-media
- Cleaning up everything
- Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
-
- 生成yum元数据
- [root@centos7-router yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- local-media | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
- (1/4): local-media/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00
- (2/4): local-media/primary_db | 2.8 MB 00:00:00
- (3/4): local-media/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
- (4/4): local-media/filelists_db | 2.9 MB 00:00:00
- Determining fastest mirrors
- Metadata Cache Created ###提示元数据缓存创建成功
-
- 查看本机yum repo 仓库
- [root@centos7-router ~]# yum repolist
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- repo id repo name status
- local-media CentOS-7 - Media 3,723
- repolist: 3,723
二、基于ftp方式配置本地yum发布源
为本机配置ftp服务器,将其发布供网络其它客户端作为yum源
- 安装vsftp
- [root@centos7-router ~] # yum -y install vsftpd
- [root@centos7-router ~] # vi /etc/selinux/config
- SELINUX=disabled
- [root@centos7-router ~] # setenforce 0 ###立即生效
-
- 修改ftp配置文件
- [root@centos7-router ~] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- anon_root=/mnt/CentOS7_ISO
-
- 启动ftp
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
-
- 测试ftp服务可用性
- [root@centos7-router ~]# ftp localhost
- Trying ::1...
- Connected to localhost (::1).
- 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
- Name (localhost:root): anonymous
- 331 Please specify the password.
- Password:
- 230 Login successful.
- Remote system type is UNIX.
- Using binary mode to transfer files.
- ftp> ls
- 229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||41973|).
- 150 Here comes the directory listing.
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14 Sep 14 09:06 CentOS_BuildTag
- dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 33 Sep 14 09:06 EFI ### Author : Leshami
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 215 Sep 14 09:06 EULA ### Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 18009 Sep 14 09:06 GPL
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 41 Sep 14 09:06 LiveOS
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 200704 Sep 14 09:08 Packages
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1690 Sep 14 09:08 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1690 Sep 14 09:08 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
- -r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2883 Sep 14 09:08 TRANS.TBL
- dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 54 Sep 14 09:06 images
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 14 09:06 isolinux
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 14 09:08 repodata
- 226 Directory send OK.
-
- 配置防火墙
- [root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent
- [root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl reload firewalld.service
三、基于http方式配置本地yum发布源
除了支持ftp方式外,也可以通过http方式将其发布供网络其它客户端作为yum源
- 安装httpd
- [root@centos7-router ~]# yum install httpd
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl enable httpd
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl start httpd
-
- 配置防火墙
- [root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
- [root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
- [root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl reload firewalld.service
-
- 将CentOS 光盘文件copy到/var/www/html/repo
- 此处使用了链接方式,将其链接到已经在本地磁盘的/mnt/CentOS7_ISO
- [root@centos7-router ~]# ln -sv /mnt/CentOS7_ISO /var/www/html/repo
- ‘/var/www/html/repo’ -> ‘/mnt/CentOS7_ISO’
- [root@centos7-router ~]# ls /var/www/html/repo
- CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repo RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
- EFI GPL isolinux Packages repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-
- 通过浏览器校验,此时应该可以看到文件列表(此处略) http://192.168.1.175/repo
四、配置本地网络yum源客户端(ftp方式)
- 配置客户端
- [root@centos7-web ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
- [root@centos7-web ~]# mkdir old
- [root@centos7-web ~]# mv *.repo old
-
- [root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/intranet.repo
- [intranet-media] #库名称
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Media #名称描述
- baseurl=ftp://172.24.8.254 #yum源目录,源地址
- gpgcheck=0 #检查GPG-KEY,0为不检查,1为检查
- enabled=1 #是否用该yum源,0为禁用,1为使用
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #gpgcheck=0时无需配置
-
- [root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
- [root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
- [root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- repo id repo name status
- intranet-media CentOS-7 - Media 3,723
-
- 测试yum配置
- [root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum install ftp -y
四、配置本地网络yum源客户端(http方式)
- 配置客户端repo文件
- [root@centos7-web ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/intranet.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/old/
- [root@centos7-web ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=http://192.168.1.175/repo
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- adding repo from: http://192.168.1.175/repo
-
- [192.168.1.175_repo]
- name=added from: http://192.168.1.175/repo
- baseurl=http://192.168.1.175/repo
- enabled=1
-
- [root@centos7-web ~]# yum clean all
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- Cleaning repos: 192.168.1.175_repo
- Cleaning up everything
- Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
-
- [root@centos7-web ~]# yum makecache
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- 192.168.1.175_repo | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
- (1/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00
- (2/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/primary_db | 2.8 MB 00:00:00
- (3/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
- (4/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/filelists_db | 2.9 MB 00:00:01
- Determining fastest mirrors
- Metadata Cache Created
-
- [root@centos7-web ~]# yum repolist
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,langpacks
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- repo id repo name status
- 192.168.1.175_repo added from: http://192.168.1.175/repo 3,723
- repolist: 3,723
五、配置阿里云、epel yum源客户端
- # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/aliyun.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
- # rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
- # yum makecache
六、虚拟机环境直接使用iso文件充当yum源(补充@20171110)
如下为光盘iso文件路径,可以直接将其配置到baseurl,最大的好处是,可以节省虚拟机磁盘空间占用。如下: baseurl=”file:///run/media/robin/CentOS 7 x86_64”