结构定义 |
CREATE TABLE |
创建新表。 语法:
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP| TEMPORARY] TABLEtable-name( column-def[,column-def]* [,constraint]* ) |
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP| TEMPORARY] TABLE[database-name.]table-name ASselect-statement |
column-def::= |
name [type][[CONSTRAINT name]column-constraint]* |
type::= |
typename | typename( number) | typename( number, number) |
column-constraint::= |
NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ]| PRIMARY KEY [sort-order][ conflict-clause] | UNIQUE [ conflict-clause] | CHECK ( expr) [ conflict-clause] | DEFAULT value| COLLATE collation-name |
constraint::= |
PRIMARY KEY ( column-list) [ conflict-clause] | UNIQUE ( column-list) [ conflict-clause] | CHECK ( expr) [ conflict-clause] |
conflict-clause::= |
ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm |
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CREATE VIEW |
创建一个视图(虚拟表),该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。 语法:
sql-command::= |
CREATE [TEMP| TEMPORARY] VIEW[database-name.]view-name ASselect-statement |
例子: CREATE VIEW master_view AS SELECT * FROM sqlite_masterWHERE type='view'; 说明: 创建一个名为master_view的视图,其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 |
CREATE TRIGGER |
创建触发器,触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [TEMP| TEMPORARY] TRIGGERtrigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER] database-event ON[database-name.] table-name trigger-action |
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [TEMP| TEMPORARY] TRIGGERtrigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event ON[database-name.] view-name trigger-action |
database-event::= |
DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE | UPDATE OF column-list |
trigger-action::= |
[ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ;[ trigger-step ;]* END |
trigger-step::= |
update-statement | insert-statement| delete-statement| select-statement |
例子: CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers BEGIN UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name; END; 说明: 创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器,当用户更新customers表中的address字段时,将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。 比如执行如下一条语句: UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones'; 数据库将自动执行如下语句: UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones'; |
CREATE INDEX |
为给定表或视图创建索引。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEXindex-name ON [database-name.] table-name( column-name[,column-name]*) [ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm] |
column-name::= |
name [ COLLATEcollation-name][ ASC | DESC] |
例子: CREATE INDEXidx_email ON customers (email); 说明: 为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。 |
结构删除 |
DROP TABLE |
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP TABLE [database-name.]table-name |
例子: DROP TABLE customers; |
DROP VIEW |
删除一个视图。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP VIEW view-name |
例子: DROP VIEW master_view; |
DROP TRIGGER |
删除一个触发器。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
DROP TRIGGER [database-name.] trigger-name |
例子: DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address; |
DROP INDEX |
删除一个索引。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DROP INDEX [database-name.] index-name |
例子: DROP INDEX idx_email; |
数据操作 |
INSERT |
将新行插入到表。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
INSERT [ORconflict-algorithm] INTO[database-name.] table-name[(column-list)] VALUES(value-list)| INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO[database-name.] table-name[(column-list)]select-statement |
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UPDATE |
更新表中的现有数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
UPDATE [ ORconflict-algorithm] [database-name.] table-name SET assignment[,assignment]* [WHERE expr] |
assignment::= |
column-name= expr |
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DELETE |
从表中删除行。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
DELETE FROM [database-name.] table-name[WHERE expr] |
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SELECT |
从表中检索数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
SELECT [ALL| DISTINCT]result [FROMtable-list] [WHERE expr] [GROUP BY expr-list] [HAVING expr] [compound-op select]* [ORDER BY sort-expr-list] [LIMIT integer[( OFFSET |, ) integer]] |
result::= |
result-column [,result-column]* |
result-column::= |
* | table-name. * | expr[ [AS]string ] |
table-list::= |
table [join-optable join-args]* |
table::= |
table-name [ASalias] | ( select) [ASalias] |
join-op::= |
, | [NATURAL][LEFT | RIGHT| FULL][OUTER | INNER| CROSS] JOIN |
join-args::= |
[ON expr][USING ( id-list)] |
sort-expr-list::= |
expr [sort-order][,expr [sort-order]]* |
sort-order::= |
[ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC] |
compound_op::= |
UNION | UNION ALL| INTERSECT| EXCEPT |
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REPLACE |
类似INSERT 语法:
sql-statement::= |
REPLACE INTO [database-name.] table-name[(column-list)] VALUES( value-list) | REPLACE INTO [database-name.] table-name[(column-list)] select-statement |
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事务处理 |
BEGIN TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的起始点。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
BEGIN [TRANSACTION[name]] |
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END TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的终止。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
END [TRANSACTION[name]] |
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COMMIT TRANSACTION |
标志一个事务的结束。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
COMMIT [TRANSACTION[name]] |
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ROLLBACK TRANSACTION |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION[name]] |
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其他操作 |
COPY |
主要用于导入大量的数据。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
COPY [ ORconflict-algorithm] [database-name.] table-name FROMfilename [ USING DELIMITERS delim] |
例子: COPYcustomers FROM customers.csv; |
EXPLAIN |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
EXPLAIN sql-statement |
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PRAGMA |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
PRAGMA name[= value]| PRAGMA function(arg) |
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VACUUM |
语法:
sql-statement::= |
VACUUM [index-or-table-name] |
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ATTACH DATABASE |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。 语法:
sql-statement::= |
ATTACH [DATABASE]database-filename ASdatabase-name |
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DETTACH DATABASE |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。 语法:
sql-command::= |
DETACH [DATABASE]database-name |
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