示例 1
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-__author__="huazai"
"""
pycharm 使用指南
Date:2016.08.12
"""


import sys


sys.stdin 就是一个文件类，Linux里一切皆文件input = sys.stdin  input保存为文件描述符对象，相当于一个类sys.stdin实例化为一个对象input读取input时候按ctrl+d终止输入


input = sys.stdin

def lineCount(f):
     n = 0
     for i in f:
         n += 1
         return n

print lineCount(input)

示例 2
"""

 sys

fd = sys.stdin
data = fd.read()
sys.stdout.write(data+"\n")
print 你好"

 __author__="huazai"
 os
 sys
 string
 gc

 

 sys

hello world
sys.stdout.write(Hello world"+'')
sys.stderr.write(Hello Error)

 

 sys






with open(F:\ a.txt',a') as f: 以写的方式打开
    print >> f,1)">Hello world,I'm writting to file",11   用print往文件描述符里写内容，可以输入数字
    等价于
    f.write("+str(11))   用write不能输入数字要先str函数转换为字符串或者格式化("%d\n" % i)

print >> sys.stderr,1)"> 向标准错误输入内容

!/usr/bin/env python

I am going to stderrI am standard output\n)
python print2stderr.py 2> /dev/null

python xx.py 2>/dev/null 可以重定向

 

  time






in range(1,10):
    sys.stdout.write(str:%d\n" % i)
    time.sleep(1)
    sys.stdout.flush()


#
# python buffer.py | cat - python -u buffer.py | cat -  -u表示不需要buffer

"""



from sys  stdin

data = stdin.read()

chars = len(data)
words = len(data.split())
lines = data.count()

%(lines)s %(words)s %(chars)s locals()
或者
"  % {lines':lines,1)">words':words,1)">chars:chars}

可以用管道符进行调用cat /etc/hosts |python wc.py

从标准输入或参数读取文件内容
Date:2016.08.12
"""






!/usr/bin/python

 os


if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    data = sys.stdin.read()
else :
    try:
        fn = sys.argv[1]
    except IndexError:
        please follow a argument at %s" % __file__   __file__内置变量表示脚本名
        sys.exit()

    if not os.path.exists(fn):
        %s is not exists fn
        sys.exit()

    with open(fn) as fd:
        data = fd.read()


chars = locals()


 print sys.argv 返回一个列表  ，argv本身是一个属性

示例1
from optparse  OptionParser
 sys,os

 parser = OptionParser()
parser = OptionParser(Usage: %prog [file1] [file2]...)
parser.add_option(-c,--charscharactersstore_trueFalse,help=only count characters-w--wordsonly count words-l--linesonly count lines 返回选项字典 options是一个类 可以直接调用选项（options.words）和参数列表
print options,args,not (options.characters or options.words or options.lines):
    options.characters,options.words,options.lines = True,True,True

data = sys.stdin.read()
chars =)


if options.lines:
     lines,1)"> options.words:
     words,1)"> options.characters:
     chars,调用方式：cat /etc/passwd |python wc.py 




示例2
 OptionParser

 opt():
    parser = OptionParser(Usage: %prog [option] [file1] [file2])
    parser.add_option(--charonly count chars--word--line)
    options,args = parser.parse_args()
     get_count(data):
    chars = len(data)
    words = len(data.split())
    lines = data.count()
     print_wc(options,lines,chars,fn):
     options.lines:
         options.words:
         options.chars:
         fn

 main():
    options,1)"> opt()
    not (options.lines  options.chars):
        options.lines,options.chars = args:
        total_lines,total_words,total_chars = 0,0
        for fn  args:
             os.path.isfile(fn):
                 with open(fn) as fd:
                      data = fd.read()
                 lines,chars = get_count(data)
                 print_wc(options,fn)
                 total_lines += lines
                 total_words += words
                 total_chars += chars
            elif os.path.isdir(fn):
                %s: is a directory fn
            :
                sys.stderr.write(%s: No such file or direcotry\n fn)
        if len(args) > 1:
            print_wc(options,total_lines,total_chars,1)">total:
        data = sys.stdin.read()
        fn = ''
        lines,1)"> get_count(data)
        print_wc(options,fn)

if __name__ == __main__:
    main()     main()函数不想让其他模块调用，不加if __name__ == '__main__':，那么import wc这个模块的时候就会自动执行main()这个函数

 argparse

 _argparse():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser (description=This is descript)
    parser.add_argument( --hoststoreserverrequired=True,default=localhostconnect to host)
    parser.add_argument (-tboolean_switchset a switch to true)
    parser.add_argument(--thread_sizethread_sizehow much connection for database usage-v--versionversion%(prog)s 0.1 parser.parse_args()

 main():
    parser = _argparse()
    (parser)
    print (host =boolean_switch=main:
    main()
    

!/usr/bin/python -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 cmd():
    args = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = Personal Information 必写属性,第一位
    args.add_argument(nameYour namebirthbirthday可选属性,默认为None
    args.add_argument(-r--racerace民族-a--ageageYour age))
    -g--gendergenderYour gendermalefemale])
    -p--parentparentYour parentNone*-o--otherotherother Information)

    args = args.parse_args()返回一个命名空间,如果想要使用变量,可用args.attr
    argparse.args=name = %s'%args.name
    d = args.__dict__
    for key,value  d.iteritems():
        %s = %s(key,value)

__name__==:
    cmd()

    



 命令行参数
 opt():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=insatll MongoDB-dt'--disktype',
                        dest=disktypeMetavar=required =hddssd],default=mongodb install directory disk type,only hdd or ssd,default: hdd--portportint,1)">27017mongodb port number,default: 27017)
    parser.add_argument(-v' 
                        dest=3.43.64.0mongodb version,only support 3.4 or 3.6 or 4.0,default: 4.0
    args = args

    
    

:
args = opt()

if (args.disktype and args.disktype.upper() in [HDDSSD]) \
        and \
        (args.port  str.isdigit(args.port)) \
         \
        (args.version and args.version ]) 
    disktype = args.disktype.upper()
    mongoport = args.port
    mongoversion = args.version
    mongopwd = args.password
    mongoip = get_host_ip()
    mongorole = args.role.upper()
    installenv = args.installenv.upper()

def add(args):
    r = args.x + args.y
    print(x+y=x-y=xxx)
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help=sub-command)
a_parser = subparsers.add_parser(addxx)
a_parser.add_argument(-xint,1)">-y)
a_parser.set_defaults(func=add)  #绑定默认函数

b_parser = subparsers.add_parser()
b_parser.add_argument(-ksub)  #绑定默认函数

args = parser.parse_args()
args.func(args)   #执行函数功能

#调用示例 python aa.py  add -x 3 -y 3
# x+y=6
# 调用示例 python aa.py  sub -x 6 -y 
# x-y=3

  
  
#add 和sub参数不能同时执行，是互斥的，所以用子命令，然后放到cmd里
#或者
#判断一下，如果两个参数都有值就报错退出不执行，很多操作系统命令都是这样的，会在help帮助文档里面说明是这个参数跟哪个参数互斥
  
  
def add():
    print()


def sub():
    print()


import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=cmd)
subparsers.add_parser()   #所以这里不用dest，让用户选择
subparsers.add_parser(sub)    #所以这里不用dest，让用户选择
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.cmd == :
    add()
elif args.cmd == :
    sub()
:
    raise ValueError(funsupport sub command: {args.cmd})

#python aa.py add  执行add函数
#python aa.py sub  执行sub函数

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=convert json file into sql file)
parser.add_argument(-d--dirdirthe diretory of json file,such as /path/to/ibd_json)
args = parser.parse_args()


[root@test_MysqL_6 ~]# python3  my2ibd.py 
usage: my2ibd.py [-h] -d DIR
my2ibd.py: error: the following arguments are required: -d/--dir
[root@test_MysqL_6 ~]# python3  my2ibd.py  -h
usage: my2ibd.py [-h] -d DIR

convert json file into sql file

optional arguments:
  -h,--help         show this help message and exit
  -d DIR,1)">dir DIR  the diretory of json file,such as /path/to/ibd_json