(一)DataGuard概要
DataGuard中文称为”数据卫士“,提供了数据库高可用性、数据保护和灾难恢复的功能。DataGuard通过建立primary数据库和standby数据库来确立参照关系,DataGuard将主库(primary)的redo日志传递给备库(standby),然后在备库中应用redo进行同步。
备库又分为2种类型:物理备库和逻辑备库
- 物理standby是通过块拷贝方式同步,通过接受并应用primary数据库的redo log,以介质恢复的方式同步。在物理备库中,数据是完全相同的,包括schema、表、索引都是一样的。
- 逻辑standby是通过应用sql语句进行同步,通过接收primary数据库的redo log并转换成sql语句。
物理备库在实际生产中使用较多,这里记录物理备库的搭建过程。
(二)DataGuard环境规划
主库 | 备库 | |
操作系统 | redhat 6.7 x86-64(64位) | redhat 6.7 x86-64(64位) |
服务器名称 | primarynode | standbynode |
IP地址规划 | 192.168.10.51 | 192.168.10.52 |
--------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
数据库版本 | 11.2.0.4 | 11.2.0.4 |
db_name | adgdb | adgdb |
db_unique_name | adgdb | adgdbstandby |
instance_name | adgdb | adgdbstandby |
service_name | adgdb | adgdb |
数据库安装 | 安装数据库软件+创建监听+安装数据库 | 安装数据库软件+创建监听 |
常规配置:
( 1 )主库和备库hosts文件配置
[root@primarynode ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6
192.168.10.51 primarynode
192.168.10.52 standbynode
(2)主库oracle用户环境配置
[oracle@primarynode ~]$ more .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin ORACLE_SID=adgdb; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin; export PATH export TEMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp umask 022 export PATH
(3)备库环境变量配置
[oracle@standbynode ~]$ adgdbstandby; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/ export PATH
(三)DataGuard主库配置
( 1 )主库启用强制记录日志功能
查询是否启用强制记录日志
select force_logging from v$database;
如果未启用,则使用下面语句来开启强制记录日志
( 2 )启用归档
查询是否启用归档
archive log list 或者 select log_mode database;
如果未启用归档,可以按照如下步骤开启归档
( 3 )主库参数配置
(3.1)db_unique_name
sql> alter system set db_unique_name = 'adgdb' scope=spfile;
(3.2)log_archive_config
sql> set log_archive_config=DG_CONFIG=(adgdb,adgdbstandby)=spfile;
(3.3)log_archive_dest_1
(3.4)log_archive_dest_2
(3.5)log_archive_dest_state_1
(3.6)log_archive_dest_state_2
(3.7)db_file_name_convert
查看数据文件的位置:
如果主库与备库数据文件位置不相同,则需要使用db_file_name_convert来转换。
(3.8)log_file_name_convert
查看在线日志文件的位置:
如果主库与备库在线日志文件位置不相同,则需要使用log_file_name_convert来转换。
(3.9)standby_file_management
(3.10)fal_client
(3.11)fal_server
( 4 )主库静态监听配置
[oracle@primarynode admin]$ vim listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primarynode)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME=adgdb) (SID_NAME = adgdb) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
查看监听:
[oracle@primarynode admin]$ lsnrctl status
( 5 )主库tnsnames.ora文件配置
[oracle@primarynode admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
tnsadgdb = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.51)(PORT = )) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = adgdb) ) ) tnsadgdbstandby =10.52)(PORT = adgdb) ) )
(四)DataGuard备库配置
( 1 )密码文件
在dataguard中,主库与备库sys密码需一致。可以将主库的密码文件拷贝到备库中
--登陆到主库,将密码文件复制到备库 [oracle@primarynode ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@primarynode dbs]$ scp orapwadgdb 10.52:/u01/app/oracle/product/0/db_1/dbs oracle@10.52's password: orapwadgdb 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00 --登陆到备库,修改密码文件的名称 [oracle@standbynode dbs]$ mv orapwadgdb orapwadgdbstandby
或者不拷贝密码文件,直接使用orapwd生成一个新的密码文件,密码需与主库一致:
orapwd file=orapwadgdbstandby password=oracle';
( 2 )初始化参数文件
注意:里面涉及到路径的需要手动创建
( 3 )配置静态监听
[oracle@standbynode trace]$ cd /product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/ oracle@standbynode admin]$ touch listener.ora $ vim listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS_LIST (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standbynode)(PORT = )) ) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER (SID_LIST (SID_DESC (GLOBAL_DBNAMEadgdb) (SID_NAME adgdbstandby) (ORACLE_HOME = db_1) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER /oracle
备注:备库为什么一定需要使用静态监听
nomount状态下必须使用静态监听才能连接到实例。
( 4 )配置tnsnames.ora文件,直接把主库的拷贝过来即可
( 5 )测试网络连通性
在主库与备库上均执行,确保可以正常访问:
在主库:
( 6 )参数检查
由于参数配置的较多,需要认真检查参数配置是否正确,主要检查这些参数
1.db_unique_name :2个节点需要不一样
2.compatible :主库与备库兼容性需一致
3.log_archive_config : 配置主库与备库的db_unique_name
4.log_archive_dest_1,2 :归档日志的路径
5.log_archive_dest_state_2 :
enable -- 启用log_archive_dest_2
defer --禁用log_archive_dest_2
6.db_file_name_convert :数据文件转换路径
7.log_file_name_convert :日志文件转换路径
8.standby_file_management :设置为auto
9.log_archive_format :日志文件格式,两边需一致
( 7 )使用duplicate创建物理standby
(7.1)连接到主库和备库
(7.2)使用duplicate复制数据库
RMAN> duplicate target for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
执行过程见:
RMAN> duplicate target database standby from active database nofilenamecheck; Starting Duplicate Db at 19 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=248 device type=DISK contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy reuse targetfile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwadgdb auxiliary format /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwadgdbstandby ; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK Finished backup at contents of Memory Script: { ctl; restore clone controlfile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/control02.ctl from ; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy copying standby control file 183 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 01 Finished backup at Starting restore at using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy Finished restore at contents of Memory Script: { sql clone alter database mount standby database; } executing Memory Script sql statement: alter database mount standby database contents of Memory Script: { set newname for tempfile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf; set newname /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/sysaux01.dbf3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/undotbs01.dbf4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/users01.dbf5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/example01.dbf; backup as copy reuse datafile datafile ; sql alter system archive log current; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/temp01.dbf in control executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting backup at using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/system01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf tag=TAG20190406T160954 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,1)">45 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile 00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/sysaux01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/sysaux01.dbf tag=3600005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/example01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/example01.dbf tag=2500003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/undotbs01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/undotbs01.dbf tag=0700004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/users01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/users01.dbf tag= sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script: { switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script datafile switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1004890308 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf datafile 10 STAMP=sysaux01.dbf datafile 11 STAMP=undotbs01.dbf datafile 12 STAMP=users01.dbf datafile 13 STAMP=example01.dbf Finished Duplicate Db at 19
( 8 )添加主库和备库的standby日志组
(8.1)添加standby日志组需要注意的事项
- standby日志组个数:配置为redo日志组个数+1
- 在主库与备库都添加standby日志组。主库可以不添加,但是如果后期发生主备切换,还是要添加,所以最好一次性添加。
- 只查询standby日志组: select * from v$standby_log ;
(8.2)添加主库的standby日志组
add standby logfile group 4 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo04.log) size 50M; 5 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo05.log6 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo06.log7 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo07.log') size 50M;
(8.3)添加备库的standby日志组
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo04.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo05.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo06.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo07.log') size 50M;
( 9 )开始同步数据库,在备库上执行
open; 方式一:开启实时同步 database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect session; 或简写为: current logfile disconnect; 方式二:开启同步(日志切换时才同步) database disconnect from session;
至此配置完成。
(五)DataGuard状态查看
( 1 )主库状态查看
sqlselect open_mode,数据库打开模式,如果实时同步,则为:read only with apply,取消同步则为:read only database_role,1)">数据库角色,是主库还是备库 protection_mode,1)">保护模式 protection_level 保护级别 from v$; OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL ------------------ ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- READ WRITE PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
( 2 )备库状态查看
sqlselect open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,protection_level database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
(六)DataGuard测试
在主库上创建表lijiaman.test01,并插入数据
sqlcreate table test01(id number,name varchar2(50)); Table created. sqlinsert into test01 values(1,1)">lijiaman); 1 row created. sql2,1)">gegemancommit;
在standby数据库上查询lijiaman.test01表,数据一致
sqlselect db_unique_name ; DB_UNIQUE_NAME ---------------------------- adgdbstandby sql lijiaman.test01; ID NAME -------- -------------------- lijiaman 2 gegeman
【完】
原文链接:/oracle/997565.html