有一个需求是用go语言程序调用外部命令时,允许使用管道符,如ls|wc-l
Go语言对外部命令的调用进行了一定的封装,下面来试一下:
package main import ( "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { run1() } func run1() { cmd := exec.Command("ls","|","wc","-l") cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr cmd.Start() cmd.Run() cmd.Wait() }
这样执行时,控制台会打出错误:
ls:无法访问|:没有那个文件或目录
ls:无法访问wc:没有那个文件或目录
难道Go程序不能使用管道符命令吗?带这此问题,我查了大量的资料,终于发现应该这样写:
package main import ( "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { run1() run2() } func run1() { cmd := exec.Command("ls","-l") cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr cmd.Start() cmd.Run() cmd.Wait() } func run2() { c1 := exec.Command("ls") c2 := exec.Command("wc","-l") c2.Stdin,_ = c1.StdoutPipe() c2.Stdout = os.Stdout c2.Stderr = os.Stderr c2.Start() c1.Run() c2.Wait() }
哈哈,这样就没问题啦。
下面,我们来点高级的,如查询Nginx主进行的PID号:
ps-eaf|grep"Nginx:master"|grep-v"grep"|awk'{print$2}'
package main import ( "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { run1() run2() run3() } func run1() { cmd := exec.Command("ls",_ = c1.StdoutPipe() c2.Stdout = os.Stdout c2.Stderr = os.Stderr c2.Start() c1.Run() c2.Wait() } func run3() { c1 := exec.Command("ps","-eaf") c2 := exec.Command("grep",`"Nginx: master"`) c3 := exec.Command("grep","-v",`"grep"`) c4 := exec.Command("awk",`'{print $2}'`) c2.Stdin,_ = c1.StdoutPipe() c3.Stdin,_ = c2.StdoutPipe() c4.Stdin,_ = c3.StdoutPipe() c4.Stdout = os.Stdout c4.Stderr = os.Stderr c4.Start() c3.Start() c2.Start() c1.Run() c4.Wait() }
靠,又不行了,提示:
awk:1:unexpectedcharacter'''
awk:1:unexpectedcharacter'''
它不能支持参数中有引号的内容!
怎么办,难道真的没辙了吗?老天不负有心人,终于被我找到解决办法了,而且更简单:
package main import ( "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { run1() run2() run3() run4() } func run1() { cmd := exec.Command("ls",_ = c3.StdoutPipe() c4.Stdout = os.Stdout c4.Stderr = os.Stderr c4.Start() c3.Start() c2.Start() c1.Run() c4.Wait() } func run4() { cmd := exec.Command("/bin/sh","-c",`ps -eaf|grep "Nginx: master"|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'`) cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr cmd.Start() cmd.Run() cmd.Wait() }