Ubuntu16.04 +cuda8.0+cudnn+caffe+theano+tensorflow配置明细

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本文主要是介绍在ubuntu16.04下,怎么配置当下流行的深度学习框架,cuda8.0+cudnn+caffe+theano+tensorflow

安装英伟达显卡驱动

首先去官网上查看适合你GPU的驱动

http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-375(375是你查到的版本号)
sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev

执行完上述后,重启(reboot)。

重启后输入

nvidia-smi

如果出现了你的GPU列表,则说明驱动安装成功了。另外也可以通过,或者输入

nvidia-settings

出现

  1. 配置cuda

https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

在cuda所在目录打开terminal依次输入以下指令:

sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-8-0-rc_8.0.27-1_amd64​.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cuda​

ubuntu的gcc编译器是5.4.0,然而cuda8.0不支持5.0以上的编译器,因此需要降级,把编译器版本降到4.9:

在terminal中执行:

sudo apt-get install gcc -4.9 gcc-5 g++-4.9 g++-5
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 20
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.9 20
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-5 10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/gcc 30
sudo update-alternatives --set cc /usr/bin/gcc
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/g++ 30
sudo update-alternatives --set c++ /usr/bin/g++

配置cuda8.0之后主要加上的一个环境变量声明,在文件~/.bashrc之后加上

gedit ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}


然后设置环境变量和动态链接库,在命令行输入

sudo gedit /etc/profile

在打开的文件里面加上(注意等号两边不能有空格)

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH

保存之后,创建链接文件

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf


在打开的文件添加如下语句:

/usr/local/cuda/lib64


保存退出执行命令行:

sudo ldconfig


使链接立即生效。

2、测试cuda的Samples

命令行输入(注意cuda-8.0是要相对应自己的cuda版本)

cd /usr/local/cuda-8.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
make
sudo ./deviceQuery


返回GPU的信息则表示配置成功

3、使用cudnn

上官网下载对应的cudnn

https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn

下载完cudnn后,命令行输入文件所在的文件夹 (ubuntu为本机用户名)

cd home/ubuntu/Downloads/
tar zxvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz #解压文件

cd进入cudnn5.1解压之后的include目录,在命令行进行如下操作:

sudo cp cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/ #复制头文件

再cd进入lib64目录下的动态文件进行复制和链接:(5.1.5为对应版本具体可修改

sudo cp lib* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/ #复制动态链接库
cd /usr/local/cuda/lib64/
sudo rm -rf libcudnn.so libcudnn.so.5 #删除原有动态文件
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5.1.5 libcudnn.so.5 #生成软衔接
sudo ln -s libcudnn.so.5 libcudnn.so #生成链接

4、安装opencv3.1.0

从官网上下载opencv3.1.0

http://opencv.org/downloads.html

并将其解压到你要安装的位置,(下载的位置还是在home/ubuntu、Downloads文件夹下)

首先安装Ubuntu系统需要的依赖项,虽然我也不知道有些依赖项是干啥的,但是只管装就行,也不会占据很多空间的。

sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip


然后安装OpenCV需要的一些依赖项,一些文件编码解码之类的东东。

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libopencv-dev libgtk-3-dev python-numpy python3-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev qtbase5-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip


在终端中cd到opencv文件夹下(解压的那个文件夹),然后

mkdir build #新建一个build文件夹,编译的工程都在这个文件夹里
cd build/
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -DCUDA_NVCC_FLAGS="-D_FORCE_INLINES" ..(后面两点不要忘记)


cmake成功后,会出现如下结果,提示配置和生成成功:

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /home/ise/software/opencv-3.1.0/build

由于CUDA 8.0不支持OpenCV的 GraphCut 算法,可能出现以下错误

/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:120:54: error: 'NppiGraphcutState' has not been declared

typedef NppStatus (*init_func_t)(NppiSize oSize,NppiGraphcutState** ppStat

^

/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:135:18: error: 'NppiGraphcutState' does not name a type

operator NppiGraphcutState*()

^

/home/usrname/opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/graphcuts.cpp:141:9: error: 'NppiGraphcutState' does not name a type

NppiGraphcutState* pState;

.......

进入opencv-3.1.0/modules/cudalegacy/src/目录,修改graphcuts.cpp文件,将:

#include "precomp.hpp"

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER)

改为

#include "precomp.hpp"

#if !defined (HAVE_CUDA) || defined (CUDA_DISABLER) || (CUDART_VERSION >= 8000)

然后make编译就可以了

make -j8


上面是将opencv编译成功,但是并没有安装到我们的系统中,有很多的设置都没有写入到系统中,因此还要进行install。

sudo make install
sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig


重启系统,重启系统后cd到build文件夹下:

sudo apt-get install checkinstall
sudo checkinstall


然后按照提示安装就可以了。

使用checkinstall的目的是为了更好的管理我安装的opencv,因为opencv的安装很麻烦,卸载更麻烦,其安装的时候修改了一大堆的文件,当我想使用别的版本的opencv时,将当前版本的opencv卸载就是一件头疼的事情,因此需要使用checkinstall来管理我的安装。

执行了checkinstall后,会在build文件生成一个以backup开头的.tgz的备份文件和一个以build开头的.deb安装文件,当你想卸载当前的opencv时,直接执行dpkg -r build即可。

5、配置caffe环境

切换编译器

选择g++ 5.0以上的对应编号

sudo update-alternatives --config g++


sudo update-alternatives --config gcc


安装依赖库

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install cmake -y


# General Dependencies

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev \
libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler -y
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev -y


# BLAS

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev -y


# Remaining Dependencies

sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev -y
sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy –y
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy


编译 Caffe,cd到要安装caffe的位置

git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git
cd caffe
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config


修改Makefile.config:

gedit Makefile.config


对打开的文件编辑

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).

USE_CUDNN := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3 如果用的是opencv3版本

OPENCV_VERSION := 3

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)

WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

在问件里面添加文本由于hdf5库目录更改,所以需要单独添加

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial/

LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial/

打开makefile文件

gedit Makefile


NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

替换

NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

编辑/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h,将其中的第115行注释掉:

sudo gedit /usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h


#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!

改为

//#error-- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 4.9 are not supported!

之后编辑即可

make -j4 all
make -j4 runtest


为了更好地使用pycaffe ,建议安装:

sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-setuptools python-pip cython python-skimage python-protobuf
make pycaffe
cd python
python
import caffe #测试安装成功


到这里Caffe开发环境就配置好了!

可以测试一下,输出AlexNet的时间测试结果:

cd ~/caffe
./build/tools/caffe time --gpu 0 --model ./models/bvlc_AlexNet/deploy.prototxt


6、theano安装

1、直接输入命令:

sudo pip install theano


2、配置参数文件:.theanorc

@H_530_502@sudo gedit ~/.theanorc

对打开的文件进行编辑

[global]

floatX=float32

device=gpu

base_compiledir=~/external/.theano/

allow_gc=False

warn_float64=warn

[mode]=FAST_RUN

[nvcc]

fastmath=True

[cuda]

root=/usr/local/cuda

3、运行测试例子:

sudo Vim test.py


from theano import function,config,shared,sandBox

import theano.tensor as T

import numpy

import time

vlen = 10 * 30 * 768 # 10 x #cores x # threads per core

iters = 1000

rng = numpy.random.RandomState(22)

x = shared(numpy.asarray(rng.rand(vlen),config.floatX))

f = function([],T.exp(x))

print(f.maker.fgraph.toposort())

t0 = time.time()

for i in range(iters):

r = f()

t1 = time.time()

print("Looping %d times took %f seconds" % (iters,t1 - t0))

print("Result is %s" % (r,))

if numpy.any([isinstance(x.op,T.Elemwise) for x in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()]):

print('Used the cpu')

else:

print('Used the gpu')

可以看到结果:

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/hjimce/PycharmProjects/untitled/.idea/temp.py

Using gpu device 0: GeForce GTX 960 (CNMeM is disabled,cuDNN not available)

[GpuElemwise{exp,no_inplace}(<CudaNdarrayType(float32,vector)>),HostFromGpu(GpuElemwise{exp,no_inplace}.0)]

Looping 1000 times took 0.302778 seconds

Result is [ 1.23178029 1.61879349 1.52278066 ...,2.20771813 2.29967761

1.62323296]

Used the gpu

说明安装成功

7、tensorflow 安装

https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/g3doc/get_started/os_setup.md

先安装anaconda

https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda2-4.2.0-Windows-x86_64.exe

上面的地址下载 该包默认在downloads里面

cd /home/username/Downloads
sudo bash Anaconda2-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh


配置环境变量

gedit /etc/profile


末尾添上,我是一路yes下来,所以安在了root下,你可以自己选路径,这时候的环境变量要改

export PATH=/root/anaconda2/bin:$PATH

重启

打开终端

python


安装成功

2、创建conda环境 名字叫tensorflow

conda create -n tensorflow python=2.7
source activate tensorflow #使能该环境


#下面这句话只能下载给cpu用的tensorflow

conda install -c conda-forge tensorflow


利用pip来下载给GPU用的tensorflow

export TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow-0.11.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl


下载安装

pip install --ignore-installed --upgrade $TF_BINARY_URL


安装IPython

conda install ipython


关掉该环境

source deactivate


测试安装是否正确

source activate tensorflow
python


输入

 
 
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
# Create 100 phony x,y data points in NumPy,y = x * 0.1 + 0.3
x_data = np.random.rand(100).astype(np.float32)
# Try to find values for W and b that compute y_data = W * x_data + b
y_data = x_data * 0.1 + 0.3
# figure that out for us.)
# (We know that W should be 0.1 and b 0.3,but TensorFlow will
y = W * x_data + b
W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([1],-1.0,1.0)) b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1]))
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5)
# Minimize the mean squared errors. loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y - y_data)) train = optimizer.minimize(loss)
# Launch the graph.
# Before starting,initialize the variables. We will 'run' this first. init = tf.initialize_all_variables() sess = tf.Session() sess.run(init) # Fit the line. for step in range(201):
# Learns best fit is W: [0.1],b: [0.3]
sess.run(train) if step % 20 == 0: print(step,sess.run(W),sess.run(b))

OK

8、Caffe配置错误

问题:找不到Python.h

解决:给anaconda添加环境变量

gedit ~/.banshrc


添加

export PATH=/root/anaconda2/bin:$PATH

export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/caffe/python:$PATH

修改Makefile.config

在终端输入

locate Python.h


gedit Makefile.config


在INCLUDE_DIRS 和LIBRARY_DIRS后面添上

/root/anaconda2/include/python2.7

启用

ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2

PYTHON_ INCLUDE =$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include\

,把前面的#去掉,那三行都去掉#,并在注释上面,

注释这两句PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7\

/usr/lib/python2.7…………..

如果编译的时候发现有错,回来改完之后又得重新编译一遍pycaffe,于是出现如下错误

make: Nothing to be done for 'pycaffe'

则在终端输入

sudo make clean


修改完后再

sudo make pycaffe
这里要从make –j8 all那一步开始编译


编译完后,显示

然后 cd python进入该目录

python
import caffe


若此时提示错误

Traceback (most recent call last)

File

ImportError: /home/../anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/backend/cython/../../../../.././libstdc++.so.6: versionGLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found

解决

https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/4953

https://gitter.im/BVLC/caffe/archives/2015/08/20

cd ..
pip install protobuf
sudo apt-get install python-protobuf
conda install libgcc
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/ubuntu/355574.html

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