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用SQLite管理数据库,
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看看 iPhone 中数据库的使用方法。iPhone 中使用名为 sqlite 的数据库管理系统。它是一款轻型的数据库,是遵守ACID的关联式数据库管理系统,它的设计目标是嵌入式的,而且目前已经在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它,它占用资源非常的低,在嵌入式设备中,可能只需要几百K的内存就够了。它能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合,比如Tcl、PHP、Java等,还有ODBC接口,同样比起MysqL、Postgresql这两款开源世界著名的数据库管理系统来讲,它的处理速度比他们都快。
其使用步骤大致分为以下几步:
- 创建DB文件和表格
- 添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone,libsqlite3.0.dylib)
- 通过 FMDB 的方法使用 sqlite
-
创建DB文件和表格
-
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$ sqlite3 sample.db
sqlite> CREATE TABLE TEST(
...> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,...> name VARCHAR(255)
...> ); |
简单地使用上面的语句生成数据库文件后,用一个图形化sqlite管理工具,比如Lita来管理还是很方便的。
然后将文件(sample.db)添加到工程中。
-
添加必须的库文件(FMDB for iPhone,libsqlite3.0.dylib)
-
首先添加 Apple 提供的 sqlite 操作用程序库 ibsqlite3.0.dylib 到工程中。
位置如下
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS${VER}.sdk/usr/lib/libsqlite3.0.dylib
这样一来就可以访问数据库了,但是为了更加方便的操作数据库,这里使用 FMDB for iPhone。
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svn co http://flycode.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/fmdb fmdb |
如上下载该库,并将以下文件添加到工程文件中:
FMDatabase.h
FMDatabase.m
FMDatabaseAdditions.h
FMDatabaseAdditions.m
FMResultSet.h
FMResultSet.m
-
通过 FMDB 的方法使用 sqlite
-
使用 sql 操作数据库的代码在程序库的 fmdb.m 文件中大部分都列出了、只是连接数据库文件的时候需要注意 — 执行的时候,参照的数据库路径位于 Document 目录下,之前把刚才的 sample.db 文件拷贝过去就好了。
位置如下
/Users/xxxx/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/xxxx/Documents/sample.db
以下为链接数据库时的代码:
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BOOL success;
NSError *error;
NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask,YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
writableDBPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
if(!success){
defaultDBPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"sample.db"];
success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
if(!success){
NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
}
}
FMDatabase* db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath];
if ([db open]) {
[db setShouldCacheStatements:YES];
[db beginTransaction];
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 20) {
[db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO TEST (name) values (?)",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"number %d",i]];
if ([db hadError]) {
NSLog(@"Err %d: %@",[db lastErrorCode],[db lastErrorMessage]);
}
}
[db commit];
FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM TEST"];
while ([rs next]) {
NSLog(@"%d %@",[rs intForColumn:@"id"],[rs stringForColumn:@"name"]);
}
[rs close];
[db close];
}else{
NSLog(@"Could not open db.");
} |
接下来再看看用 DAO 的形式来访问数据库的使用方法,代码整体构造如下。
首先创建如下格式的数据库文件:
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$ sqlite3 sample.db
sqlite> CREATE TABLE TbNote(
...> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,...> title VARCHAR(255),...> body VARCHAR(255)
...> ); |
-
创建DTO(Data Transfer Object)
-
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface TbNote : NSObject {
index;
title;
body;
}
@property (nonatomic,retain) title;
@property (nonatomic,212); font-weight: bold;">body;
- (id)initWithIndex:(int)newIndex Title:(NSString *)newTitle Body:(newBody;
- (int)getIndex;
@end
"TbNote.h"
@implementation TbNote
@synthesize title,body;
- (newBody{
if(self = [super init]){
index = newIndex;
self.title = newTitle;
self.body = newBody;
}
return self;
}
- (getIndex{
return index;
}
- (void)dealloc {
[title release];
[body release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end |
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@H_828_
404@TbNoteDao.h
<Foundation/Foundation.h>
TbNoteDao :
BaseDao {
}
-(
NSMutableArray *)
select;
-(
insertWithTitle:(
title body;
-(
BOOL)
updateAt:(
index deleteAt:(
index;
TbNoteDao.m
"TbNoteDao.h"
TbNoteDao
-(
return [
NSString stringWithFormat:
sql,@
"TbNote"];
}
-(
select{
NSMutableArray *
result = [[[
NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0] autorelease];
rs = [db executeQuery:[
self setTable:@
"SELECT * FROM %@"]];
while ([rs next]) {
TbNote *
tr = [[
TbNote alloc]
initWithIndex:[rs intForColumn:@
"id"]
Title:[rs stringForColumn:@
"title"]
Body:[rs stringForColumn:@
"body"]
];
[result addObject:tr];
[tr release];
}
[rs close];
return result;
}
-(
body{
[db executeUpdate:[
"INSERT INTO %@ (title,body) VALUES (?,?)"],title,body];
if ([db hadError]) {
NSLog(@
UPDATE
-(
body{
success =
YES;
[db executeUpdate:[
"UPDATE %@ SET title=?,body=? WHERE id=?"],body,50); font-weight: bold;">NSNumber numberWithInt:index]];
NO;
}
return success;
}
- (
index{
"DELETE FROM %@ WHERE id = ?"],114); font-weight: bold;">return success;
}
- (
dealloc {
[
为了确认程序正确,我们添加一个 UITableView。使用 initWithNibName 测试 DAO。
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@H_828_
404@NoteController.h
<UIKit/UIKit.h>
TbNoteDao;
NoteController :
UIViewController <
UITableViewDataSource,50); font-weight: bold;">UITableViewDelegate>{
UITableView *
myTableView;
TbNoteDao *
tbNoteDao;
record;
}
@property (nonatomic,212); font-weight: bold;">myTableView;
@property (nonatomic,212); font-weight: bold;">tbNoteDao;
@property (nonatomic,212); font-weight: bold;">record;
NoteController.m
"NoteController.h"
NoteController
myTableView,50); font-weight: bold;">tbNoteDao,50); font-weight: bold;">record;
- (
initWithNibName:(
nibNameOrNil bundle:(
NSBundle *)
nibBundleOrNil {
if (
super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) {
tbNoteDao = [[
TbNoteDao alloc] init];
[tbNoteDao insertWithTitle:@
"TEST TITLE" Body:@
"TEST BODY"];
record = [[tbNoteDao select] retain];
}
viewDidLoad {
[
super viewDidLoad];
myTableView = [[
UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:[[
UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];
myTableView.delegate =
self;
myTableView.dataSource =
self;
self.view = myTableView;
}
- (
NSInteger)
numberOfSectionsInTableView:(
UITableView *)
tableView {
return 1;
}
- (
tableView:(
tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(
NSInteger)
section {
return [record count];
}
- (
UITableViewCell *)
cellForRowAtIndexPath:(
NSIndexPath *)
indexPath {
static CellIdentifier = @
"Cell";
UITableViewCell *
cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier];
if (cell ==
nil) {
cell = [[[
UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease];
}
tr = (
TbNote *)[record objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
cell.text = [
"%i %@",[tr getIndex],tr.title];
return cell;
}
- (
didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[
super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}
- (
最后我们开看看连接DB,和添加 ViewController 的处理。这一同样不使用 Interface Builder。
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@H_828_
404@
sqlSampleAppDelegate.h
sqlSampleAppDelegate :
NSObject <
UIApplicationDelegate> {
UIWindow *
window;
window;
@property (nonatomic,212); font-weight: bold;">db;
- (
initDatabase;
- (
closeDatabase;
sqlSampleAppDelegate.m
"NoteController.h"
sqlSampleAppDelegate
window;
@synthesize applicationDidFinishLaunching:(
UIApplication *)
application {
if (
![
self initDatabase]){
NSLog(@
"Failed to init Database.");
}
NoteController *
ctrl = [[
NoteController alloc] initWithNibName:
nil bundle:
nil];
[window addSubview:ctrl.view];
[window makeKeyAndVisible];
}
- (
initDatabase{
success;
error;
NSFileManager defaultManager];
YES);
documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
"sample.db"];
success = [fm fileExistsAtPath:writableDBPath];
"sample.db"];
success = [fm copyItemAtPath:defaultDBPath toPath:writableDBPath error:&error];
if(
!success){
NSLog([error localizedDescription]);
}
success =
if(success){
db = [[
FMDatabase databaseWithPath:writableDBPath] retain];
if ([db open]) {
[db setShouldCacheStatements:
YES];
}
else{
NSLog(@
"Failed to open database.");
success =
NO;
}
}
void)
closeDatabase{
[db close];
}
- (
dealloc {
[db release];
[window release];
[
@end
转自:http://www.yifeiyang.net/iphone-developer-advanced-9-management-database-using-
sqlite/
http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/3349
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/sqlite/201317.html