最近需要用Python写一个简易通讯录,但是对于数据存储很发愁。大家都知道,使用 Python 中的列表和字典进行存储数据是很不靠谱的,所以就想到Python有没有内置的数据库模块。
sqlite3简介
sqlite3 可使用 sqlite3 模块与 Python 进行集成。sqlite3 模块是由 Gerhard Haring 编写的。它提供了一个与 PEP 249 描述的 DB-API 2.0 规范兼容的 sql 接口。您不需要单独安装该模块,因为 Python 2.5.x 以上版本默认自带了该模块。
为了使用 sqlite3 模块,您首先必须创建一个表示数据库的连接对象,然后您可以有选择地创建光标对象,这将帮助您执行所有的 sql 语句。
怎么样,听起来不错吧!那就快来学习使用吧。
连接数据库
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在,那么它就会被创建,最后将返回一个数据库对象。
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
在这里,您也可以把数据库名称复制为特定的名称 :memory:,这样就会在 RAM 中创建一个数据库。现在,让我们来运行上面的程序,在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 MysqL_person.db。您可以根据需要改变路径。保存上面代码到 sqlite.py 文件中,并按如下所示执行。如果数据库成功创建,那么会显示下面所示的消息:
$chmod +x sqlite.py
$./sqlite.py
Open database successfully
创建表
下面的 Python 代码段将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute('''CREATE TABLE MT (ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,NAME TEXT NOT NULL,AGE INT NOT NULL,ADDRESS CHAR(50),SALARY REAL);''')
print "Table created successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会在 test.db 中创建 MT 表,并显示下面所示的消息:
Opened database successfully
Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
下面的 Python 程序显示了如何在上面创建的 MT 表中创建记录:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \ VALUES (1,'Paul',32,'California',20000.00 )");
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,SALARY) \ VALUES (2,'Allen',25,'Texas',15000.00 )");
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,SALARY) \ VALUES (3,'Teddy',23,'Norway',SALARY) \ VALUES (4,'Mark','Rich-Mond ',65000.00 )");
conn.commit()
print "Records created successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会在 MT 表中创建给定记录,并会显示以下两行:
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
下面的 Python 程序显示了如何从前面创建的 MT 表中获取并显示记录:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT id,name,address,salary from MT")
for row in cursor:
print "ID = ",row[0]
print "NAME = ",row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ",row[2]
print "SALARY = ",row[3],"\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1")
conn.commit()
print "Total number of rows updated :",conn.total_changes
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT id,"\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows updated : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('MysqL_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")
conn.commit()
print "Total number of rows deleted :","\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows deleted : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully