React源码解析

前端之家收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了React源码解析前端之家小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。

前言

  • 适合有一定 React 项目经验阅读,默认对 React 的常用 api 较为熟悉
  • 研究 React 源码是结合网上的一些分析文章+自己看代码理解
  • 最开始看是因为项目中遇到性能问题,网上没有相关资料,所以想找到具体影响的点
  • 以下的代码解析以 15.4.1 版本为基础,且去除了开发环境的warning,为了区分,保留的注释都为英文,新增的注释为中文,尽量保持原注释
  • 文中有部分自己的演绎、理解、猜测,如有误烦请指出

基础概念

ReactElement

  • 数据类,只包含 props refs key
  • React.creatElement(ReactElement.js) 创建,React.createClassrender 中返回的实际也是个ReactElement

ReactComponent

  • 控制类,包含组件状态,操作方法
  • 包括字符组件、原生 DOM 组件、自定义组件(和空组件)
  • 在挂载组件(mountComponent)的时候,会调用instantiateReactComponent
    方法,利用工厂模式,通过不同的输入返回不同的 component

代码(instantiateReactComponent.js):

function instantiateReactComponent(node,shouldHaveDebugID) {
var instance;
if (node === null || node === false) {
instance = ReactEmptyComponent.create(instantiateReactComponent);
} else if (typeof node === 'object') {
var element = node;
// Special case string values
if (typeof element.type === 'string') {
  instance = ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element);
} else if (isInternalComponentType(element.type)) {
  // This is temporarily available for custom components that are not string
  // representation,we can drop this code path.
} else {
  instance = new ReactCompositeComponentWrapper(element);
}
} else if (typeof node === 'string' || typeof node === 'number') {
instance = ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node);
} else {
}
// These two fields are used by the DOM and ART diffing algorithms
// respectively. Instead of using expandos on components,we should be
// storing the state needed by the diffing algorithms elsewhere.
instance._mountIndex = 0;
instance._mountImage = null;
return instance;
}
  • ReactDOMTextComponent 只关心文本,ReactDOMComponent 会稍微简单一些,ReactCompositeComponent 需要关心的最多,包括得到原生 DOM 的渲染内容

ReactClass

这个比较特殊,对比 ES5 写法: var MyComponent = React.createClass({}),ES6写法:class MyComponent extends React.Component,为什么用createClass却得到了Component呢?通过源码来看,这两个 api 的实现几乎是一样的,也可以看到,ES6 的写法简洁的多,不用那些getInitialState等特定 api,React 在之后的版本也会抛弃createClass这个 api。并且,在此 api 中,React 进行了autobind
ReactClass.js:

var ReactClass = { createClass: function (spec) { // ensure that Constructor.name !== 'Constructor' var Constructor = identity(function (props,context,updater) { // Wire up auto-binding if (this.__reactAutoBindPairs.length) { bindAutoBindMethods(this); }
      this.props = props;
      this.context = context;
      this.refs = emptyObject;
      this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
      this.state = null;
      // ReactClasses doesn't have constructors. Instead,they use the
      // getInitialState and componentWillMount methods for initialization.
      var initialState = this.getInitialState ? this.getInitialState() : null;
      this.state = initialState;
    });
    Constructor.prototype = new ReactClassComponent();
    Constructor.prototype.constructor = Constructor;
    Constructor.prototype.__reactAutoBindPairs = [];
    injectedMixins.forEach(mixSpecIntoComponent.bind(null,Constructor));
    mixSpecIntoComponent(Constructor,spec);
    // Initialize the defaultProps property after all mixins have been merged.
    if (Constructor.getDefaultProps) { Constructor.defaultProps = Constructor.getDefaultProps(); } // Reduce time spent doing lookups by setting these on the prototype. for (var methodName in ReactClassInterface) { if (!Constructor.prototype[methodName]) { Constructor.prototype[methodName] = null; } } return Constructor;
  }
}
var ReactClassComponent = function () {};
_assign(ReactClassComponent.prototype,ReactComponent.prototype,ReactClassMixin);

ReactComponent.js:

function ReactComponent(props,updater) {
  this.props = props;
  this.context = context;
  this.refs = emptyObject;
  this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
}
ReactComponent.prototype.isReactComponent = {};
ReactComponent.prototype.setState = function (partialState,callback) {
  this.updater.enqueueSetState(this,partialState);
  if (callback) {
    this.updater.enqueueCallback(this,callback,'setState');
  }
};
ReactComponent.prototype.forceUpdate = function (callback) {
  this.updater.enqueueForceUpdate(this);
  if (callback) {
    this.updater.enqueueCallback(this,'forceUpdate');
  }
};

对象池

  • 开辟空间是需要一定代价的
  • 如果引用释放而进入 gc,gc 会比较消耗性能和时间,如果内存抖动(大量的对象被创建又在短时间内马上被释放)而频繁 gc 则会影响用户体验
  • 既然创建和销毁对象是很耗时的,所以要尽可能减少创建和销毁对象的次数
  • 使用时候申请(getPooled)和释放(release)成对出现,使用一个对象后一定要释放还给池子(释放时候要对内部变量置空方便下次使用)

代码(PooledClass.js):

// 只展示部分
var oneArgumentPooler = function (copyFieldsFrom) {
  var Klass = this;
  if (Klass.instancePool.length) {
    var instance = Klass.instancePool.pop();
    Klass.call(instance,copyFieldsFrom);
    return instance;
  } else {
    return new Klass(copyFieldsFrom);
  }
};
var standardReleaser = function (instance) {
  var Klass = this;
  if (Klass.instancePool.length < Klass.poolSize) {
    Klass.instancePool.push(instance);
  }
};
var DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 10;
var DEFAULT_POOLER = oneArgumentPooler;
var addPoolingTo = function (CopyConstructor,pooler) {
  // Casting as any so that flow ignores the actual implementation and trusts
  // it to match the type we declared
  var NewKlass = CopyConstructor;
  NewKlass.instancePool = [];
  NewKlass.getPooled = pooler || DEFAULT_POOLER;
  if (!NewKlass.poolSize) {
    NewKlass.poolSize = DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE;
  }
  NewKlass.release = standardReleaser;
  return NewKlass;
};
var PooledClass = {
  addPoolingTo: addPoolingTo,oneArgumentPooler: oneArgumentPooler,twoArgumentPooler: twoArgumentPooler,threeArgumentPooler: threeArgumentPooler,fourArgumentPooler: fourArgumentPooler,fiveArgumentPooler: fiveArgumentPooler
};
module.exports = PooledClass;

使用例子(ReactUpdate.js):

var transaction = ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction.getPooled();
destructor: function () { this.dirtyComponentsLength = null; CallbackQueue.release(this.callbackQueue); this.callbackQueue = null; ReactUpdates.ReactReconcileTransaction.release(this.reconcileTransaction); this.reconcileTransaction = null; } ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction.release(transaction);
  • 可以看到,如果短时间内生成了大量的对象占满了池子,后续的对象是不能复用只能新建的
  • 对比连接池、线程池:完成任务后并不销毁,而是可以复用去执行其他任务

事务机制

  • React 通过事务机制来完成一些特定操作,比如 merge state,update component

示意图(Transaction.js):

代码(Transaction.js):

var TransactionImpl = {
  perform: function (method,scope,a,b,c,d,e,f) {
    var errorThrown;
    var ret;
    try {
      this._isInTransaction = true;
      // Catching errors makes debugging more difficult,so we start with
      // errorThrown set to true before setting it to false after calling
      // close -- if it's still set to true in the finally block,it means
      // one of these calls threw.
      errorThrown = true;
      this.initializeAll(0);
      ret = method.call(scope,f);
      errorThrown = false;
    } finally {
      try {
        if (errorThrown) {
          // If `method` throws,prefer to show that stack trace over any thrown
          // by invoking `closeAll`.
          try {
            this.closeAll(0);
          } catch (err) {}
        } else {
          // Since `method` didn't throw,we don't want to silence the exception
          // here.
          this.closeAll(0);
        }
      } finally {
        this._isInTransaction = false;
      }
    }
    return ret;
  },// 执行所有 wrapper 中的 initialize 方法
  initializeAll: function (startIndex) {
  },// 执行所有 wrapper 中的 close 方法
  closeAll: function (startIndex) {
  }
};
module.exports = TransactionImpl;

可以看到和后端的事务是有差异的(有点类似AOP),虽然都叫transaction,并没有commit,而是自动执行,初始方法没有提供rollback,有二次封装提供的(ReactReconcileTransaction.js)
下文会提到事务机制的具体使用场景

事件分发

  • 框图(ReactBrowserEventEmitter.js)

  • 组件上声明的事件最终绑定到了 document 上,而不是 React 组件对应的 DOM 节点,这样简化了 DOM 原生事件,减少了内存开销

  • 以队列的方式,从触发事件的组件向父组件回溯,调用相应 callback,也就是 React 自身实现了一套事件冒泡机制,虽然 React对合成事件封装了stopPropagation,但是并不能阻止自己手动绑定的原生事件的冒泡,所以项目中要避免手动绑定原生事件

  • 使用对象池来管理合成事件对象的创建和销毁,好处在上文中有描述

  • ReactEventListener:负责事件注册和事件分发

  • ReactEventEmitter:负责事件执行

  • EventPluginHub:负责事件的存储,具体存储在listenerBank

  • Plugin: 根据不同的事件类型,构造不同的合成事件,可以连接原生事件和组件

  • 当事件触发时,会调用ReactEventListener.dispatchEvent,进行分发:找到具体的 ReactComponent,然后向上遍历父组件,实现冒泡

  • 代码较多,就不具体分析了,这种统一收集然后分发的思路,可以用在具体项目中

生命周期

整体流程:

  • 主要讲述mountupdate,里面也有很多相类似的操作
  • componentWillMountrendercomponentDidMount 都是在 mountComponent 中被调用

分析 ReactCompositeComponent.js 中的mountComponent,发现输出是return {?string} Rendered markup to be inserted into the DOM.

mountComponent: function (transaction,hostParent,hostContainerInfo,context) {
    var _this = this;
    this._context = context;
    this._mountOrder = nextMountID++;
    this._hostParent = hostParent;
    this._hostContainerInfo = hostContainerInfo;
    var publicProps = this._currentElement.props;
    var publicContext = this._processContext(context);
    var Component = this._currentElement.type;
    var updateQueue = transaction.getUpdateQueue();
    // Initialize the public class
    var doConstruct = shouldConstruct(Component);
    // 最终会调用 new Component()
    var inst = this._constructComponent(doConstruct,publicProps,publicContext,updateQueue);
    var renderedElement;
    // Support functional components
    if (!doConstruct && (inst == null || inst.render == null)) {
      renderedElement = inst;
      inst = new StatelessComponent(Component);
      this._compositeType = CompositeTypes.StatelessFunctional;
    } else {
      // 大家经常在用户端用到的 PureComponent,会对 state 进行浅比较然后决定是否执行 render
      if (isPureComponent(Component)) {
        this._compositeType = CompositeTypes.PureClass;
      } else {
        this._compositeType = CompositeTypes.ImpureClass;
      }
    }
    // These should be set up in the constructor,but as a convenience for
    // simpler class abstractions,we set them up after the fact.
    inst.props = publicProps;
    inst.context = publicContext;
    inst.refs = emptyObject;
    inst.updater = updateQueue;
    this._instance = inst;
    // Store a reference from the instance back to the internal representation
    // 以 element 为 key,存在了 Map 中,之后会用到
    ReactInstanceMap.set(inst,this);
    var initialState = inst.state;
    if (initialState === undefined) {
      inst.state = initialState = null;
    }
    this._pendingStateQueue = null;
    this._pendingReplaceState = false;
    this._pendingForceUpdate = false;
    var markup;
    if (inst.unstable_handleError) {
      markup = this.performInitialMountWithErrorHandling(renderedElement,transaction,context);
    } else {
      markup = this.performInitialMount(renderedElement,context);
    }
    if (inst.componentDidMount) {
       transaction.getReactMountReady().enqueue(inst.componentDidMount,inst);
    }
    return markup;
  }
function shouldConstruct(Component) {
  return !!(Component.prototype && Component.prototype.isReactComponent);
}
可以看到,mountComponet 先做实例对象的初始化(props,state 等),然后调用performInitialMount挂载(performInitialMountWithErrorHandling最终也会调用performInitialMount,只是多了错误处理),然后调用componentDidMount
transaction.getReactMountReady()会得到CallbackQueue,所以只是加入到队列中,后续执行
我们来看performInitialMount(依然在 ReactCompositeComponent.js 中)
performInitialMount: function (renderedElement,context) {
    var inst = this._instance;
    var debugID = 0;
    if (inst.componentWillMount) {
      inst.componentWillMount();
      // When mounting,calls to `setState` by `componentWillMount` will set
      // `this._pendingStateQueue` without triggering a re-render.
      if (this._pendingStateQueue) {
        inst.state = this._processPendingState(inst.props,inst.context);
      }
    }
    // If not a stateless component,we now render
    // 返回 ReactElement,这也就是上文说的 render 返回 ReactElement
    if (renderedElement === undefined) {
      renderedElement = this._renderValidatedComponent();
    }
    var nodeType = ReactNodeTypes.getType(renderedElement);
    this._renderedNodeType = nodeType;
    var child = this._instantiateReactComponent(renderedElement,nodeType !== ReactNodeTypes.EMPTY);
    this._renderedComponent = child;
    var markup = ReactReconciler.mountComponent(child,this._processChildContext(context),debugID);
    return markup;
  }
  • performInitialMount 中先调用componentWillMount,这个过程中 merge state,然后调用_renderValidatedComponent(最终会调用inst.render() )返回 ReactElement,然后调用_instantiateReactComponentReactElement 创建 ReactComponent,最后进行递归渲染。

  • 挂载之后,可以通过setState来更新(机制较为复杂,后文会单独分析),此过程通过调用updateComponent来完成更新。我们来看updateComponent(依然在 ReactCompositeComponent.js 中)

updateComponent: function (transaction,prevParentElement,nextParentElement,prevUnmaskedContext,nextUnmaskedContext) {
    var inst = this._instance;
    var willReceive = false;
    var nextContext;
    // context 相关,React 建议少用 context
    // Determine if the context has changed or not
    if (this._context === nextUnmaskedContext) {
      nextContext = inst.context;
    } else {
      nextContext = this._processContext(nextUnmaskedContext);
      willReceive = true;
    }
    var prevProps = prevParentElement.props;
    var nextProps = nextParentElement.props;
    // Not a simple state update but a props update
    if (prevParentElement !== nextParentElement) {
      willReceive = true;
    }
    // An update here will schedule an update but immediately set
    // _pendingStateQueue which will ensure that any state updates gets
    // immediately reconciled instead of waiting for the next batch.
    if (willReceive && inst.componentWillReceiveProps) {
      inst.componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps,nextContext);
    }
    var nextState = this._processPendingState(nextProps,nextContext);
    var shouldUpdate = true;
    if (!this._pendingForceUpdate) {
      if (inst.shouldComponentUpdate) {
        shouldUpdate = inst.shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps,nextState,nextContext);
      } else {
        if (this._compositeType === CompositeTypes.PureClass) {
          // 这里,就是上文提到的,PureComponent 里的浅比较
          shouldUpdate = !shallowEqual(prevProps,nextProps) || !shallowEqual(inst.state,nextState);
        }
      }
    }
    this._updateBatchNumber = null;
    if (shouldUpdate) {
      this._pendingForceUpdate = false;
      // Will set `this.props`,`this.state` and `this.context`.
      this._performComponentUpdate(nextParentElement,nextProps,nextContext,nextUnmaskedContext);
    } else {
      // If it's determined that a component should not update,we still want
      // to set props and state but we shortcut the rest of the update.
      this._currentElement = nextParentElement;
      this._context = nextUnmaskedContext;
      inst.props = nextProps;
      inst.state = nextState;
      inst.context = nextContext;
    }
  }
  • updateComponent中,先调用componentWillReceiveProps,然后 merge state,然后调用shouldComponentUpdate判断是否需要更新,可以看到,如果组件内部没有自定义,且用的是 PureComponent,会对 state 进行浅比较,设置shouldUpdate,最终调用_performComponentUpdate来进行更新。而在_performComponentUpdate中,会先调用componentWillUpdate,然后调用updateRenderedComponent进行更新,最后调用componentDidUpdate(过程较简单,就不列代码了)。下面看一下updateRenderedComponent的更新机制(依然在 ReactCompositeComponent.js 中)
_updateRenderedComponent: function (transaction,context) {
    var prevComponentInstance = this._renderedComponent;
    var prevRenderedElement = prevComponentInstance._currentElement;
    var nextRenderedElement = this._renderValidatedComponent();
    var debugID = 0;
    if (shouldUpdateReactComponent(prevRenderedElement,nextRenderedElement)) {
      ReactReconciler.receiveComponent(prevComponentInstance,nextRenderedElement,this._processChildContext(context));
    } else {
      var oldHostNode = ReactReconciler.getHostNode(prevComponentInstance);
      ReactReconciler.unmountComponent(prevComponentInstance,false);
      var nodeType = ReactNodeTypes.getType(nextRenderedElement);
      this._renderedNodeType = nodeType;
      var child = this._instantiateReactComponent(nextRenderedElement,nodeType !== ReactNodeTypes.EMPTY);
      this._renderedComponent = child;
      var nextMarkup = ReactReconciler.mountComponent(child,this._hostParent,this._hostContainerInfo,debugID);
      this._replaceNodeWithMarkup(oldHostNode,nextMarkup,prevComponentInstance);
    }
  },

可以看到,如果需要更新,则调用ReactReconciler.receiveComponent,会递归更新子组件,否则直接卸载然后挂载。所以,重点是在shouldUpdateReactComponent的判断,React 为了简化 diff,所以有一个假设:在组件层级、type、key 不变的时候,才进行比较更新,否则先 unmount 然后重新 mount。来看shouldUpdateReactComponent(shouldUpdateReactComponent.js) :

function shouldUpdateReactComponent(prevElement,nextElement) {
  var prevEmpty = prevElement === null || prevElement === false;
  var nextEmpty = nextElement === null || nextElement === false;
  if (prevEmpty || nextEmpty) {
    return prevEmpty === nextEmpty;
  }
  var prevType = typeof prevElement;
  var nextType = typeof nextElement;
  // 如果前后两次都为文本元素,则更新
  if (prevType === 'string' || prevType === 'number') {
    return nextType === 'string' || nextType === 'number';
  } else {
    // 如果为 ReactDomComponent 或 ReactCompositeComponent,则需要层级 type 和 key 相同,才进行 update(层级在递归中保证相同)
    return nextType === 'object' && prevElement.type === nextElement.type && prevElement.key === nextElement.key;
  }
}

接下来是重头戏:setState,上文中已经提到了此 api 为:

ReactComponent.prototype.setState = function (partialState,'setState');
  }
};

可以看到这里只是简单的调用enqueueSetState放入队列中,而我们知道,不可能这么简单的。来看enqueueSetState(ReactUpdateQueue.js中),this.updater会在 mount 时候赋值为updateQueue

enqueueSetState: function (publicInstance,partialState) {
    var internalInstance = getInternalInstanceReadyForUpdate(publicInstance,'setState');
    if (!internalInstance) {
      return;
    }
    // 获取队列,如果为空则创建
    var queue = internalInstance._pendingStateQueue || (internalInstance._pendingStateQueue = []);
    // 将待 merge 的 state 放入队列
    queue.push(partialState);
    // 将待更新的组件放入队列
    enqueueUpdate(internalInstance);
  },function getInternalInstanceReadyForUpdate(publicInstance,callerName) {
      // 上文提到的以 element 为 key 存入 map,这里可以取到 component
    var internalInstance = ReactInstanceMap.get(publicInstance);
    if (!internalInstance) {
      return null;
    }
    return internalInstance;
  }

再来看enqueueUpdate(ReactUpdates.js):

function enqueueUpdate(component) {
  if (!batchingStrategy.isBatchingUpdates) {
    batchingStrategy.batchedUpdates(enqueueUpdate,component);
    return;
  }
  dirtyComponents.push(component);
  if (component._updateBatchNumber == null) {
    component._updateBatchNumber = updateBatchNumber + 1;
  }
}
  • 可以看到,如果不处于isBatchingUpdates时,则调用batchingStrategy.batchedUpdates,如果处于的话,则将 component 放入 dirtyComponents 中等待以后处理。这样保证了避免重复 render,因为mountComponentupdateComponent 执行的开始,会将isBatchingUpdates设置为true,之后以事务的方式处理,包括最后时候将isBatchingUpdates置为false。
  • 大家一定对 batchingStrategydirtyComponents的定义,batchingStrategyReactUpdates.injection 注入,而dirtyComponents 是定义在ReactUpdates.js 中,也就是说二者都为全局的
  • 综上,在特定生命周期getInitialState,componentWillMount,render,componentWillUpdate调用setState,并不会引起updateComponent(componentDidMount、componentDidUpdate 中会)。来看batchedUpdates(ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.js):
batchedUpdates: function (callback,e) {
    var alreadyBatchingUpdates = ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.isBatchingUpdates;
    ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.isBatchingUpdates = true;
    // The code is written this way to avoid extra allocations
    if (alreadyBatchingUpdates) {
      return callback(a,e);
    } else {
      // 注意这里,上一个代码块中可以看到,当 isBatchingUpdates 为 false 时,callback 为 enqueueUpdate 自身
      // 所以即以事务的方式处理
      return transaction.perform(callback,null,e);
    }
  }
  var transaction = new ReactDefaultBatchingStrategyTransaction();
  • 可以看到,当以事务的方式调用进入enqueueUpdate时,isBatchingUpdates已经为true,所以执行dirtyComponents.push(component);
  • 注意到callbakc其实就是自身enqueueUpdate,当isBatchingUpdates为false时,也用transaction.perform调用enqueueUpdate,使得结果一样
  • 详细介绍事务 transaction 的应用,上文中提到过,事务可以利用wrapper封装,开始和结束时会调用所有 wrapper 的相应方法,来看这两个wrapper: RESET_BATCHED_UPDATES FLUSH_BATCHED_UPDATES(ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.js):
var RESET_BATCHED_UPDATES = {
  initialize: emptyFunction,close: function () {
    ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.isBatchingUpdates = false;
  }
};
var FLUSH_BATCHED_UPDATES = {
  initialize: emptyFunction,close: ReactUpdates.flushBatchedUpdates.bind(ReactUpdates)
};
// flushBatchedUpdates 在 ReactUpdates.js 中
var flushBatchedUpdates = function () {
  // ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction's wrappers will clear the dirtyComponents
  // asapEnqueued 为提前执行回调,暂不分析
  while (dirtyComponents.length || asapEnqueued) {
    if (dirtyComponents.length) {
      var transaction = ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction.getPooled();
      transaction.perform(,transaction);
      ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction.release(transaction);
    }
    if (asapEnqueued) {
    }
  }
};
  • 但是,仔细看上面的过程,把组件放入 dirtyComponents 后,事务结束马上就执行 close方法进行了处理了,和之前理解的流程好像不太一致?这时候再回头看mountComponent和updateComponent,它们的参数:@param {ReactReconcileTransaction} transaction,也就是说整个过程都在ReactReconcileTransaction事务中(事件回调同理),自然在其中的生命周期调用setState不用引起重复 render,只会将 state 放入队列和将组件放入 dirtyComponents 中,然后在结束后统一处理
  • ReactReconcileTransaction中 initialize 用于清空回调队列;close 用于触发回调函数componentDidMount、componentDidUpdate 执行
  • 我开始一直比较疑惑的是ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.batchedUpdates中的ReactDefaultBatchingStrategyTransaction和ReactReconcileTransaction到底是什么关系?我试图找出两个transaction 中 wrapper 是否有 merge 的情况,发现没有。目前大概的理解和结论是这样的:整个生命周期就是一个 transaction,即对应ReactDefaultBatchingStrategy.batchedUpdates,而ReactReconcileTransaction粒度较小,负责单个组件(所以也能看到,前者直接new,而后者利用了对象池)。通过各自 wrapper 可以看到,前者([FLUSH_BATCHED_UPDATES,RESET_BATCHED_UPDATES])负责了全部组件更新 和 callback,后者([SELECTION_RESTORATION,EVENT_SUPPRESSION,ON_DOM_READY_QUEUEING)负责了各自组件自身的问题,如 focus 等。
  • 例证:ReactDom 中调用render(插入过程),实际最终调用了 ReactMount的_renderNewRootComponent,其中执行了ReactUpdates.batchedUpdates(batchedMountComponentIntoNode,componentInstance,container,shouldReuseMarkup,context);(注意出现了batchedUpdates),而batchedMountComponentIntoNode中调用ReactUpdates.ReactReconcileTransaction.getPooled,这样,嵌套关系就联系起来了
  • 例证: ReactEventListenerdispatchEvent,会调用ReactUpdates.batchedUpdates(handleTopLevelImpl,bookKeeping); 和上述同理
  • 熟悉 React 生命周期的同学一定对父子组件各生命周期的执行顺序很清晰(比如 componentWillMount是从父到子),以上述的理论,是如何保证的么?上文中可以看到,FLUSH_BATCHED_UPDATESclose方法调用runBatchedUpdates,来看这个方法(ReactUpdates.js):
function runBatchedUpdates(transaction) {
  var len = transaction.dirtyComponentsLength;
  // reconcile them before their children by sorting the array.
  dirtyComponents.sort(mountOrderComparator);
  // Any updates enqueued while reconciling must be performed after this entire
  // batch. Otherwise,if dirtyComponents is [A,B] where A has children B and
  // C,B could update twice in a single batch if C's render enqueues an update
  // to B (since B would have already updated,we should skip it,and the only
  // way we can know to do so is by checking the batch counter).
  updateBatchNumber++;
  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    // If a component is unmounted before pending changes apply,it will still
    // be here,but we assume that it has cleared its _pendingCallbacks and
    // that was is a noop.
    var component = dirtyComponents[i];
    // If performUpdateIfNecessary happens to enqueue any new updates,we
    // shouldn't execute the callbacks until the next render happens,so
    // stash the callbacks first
    var callbacks = component._pendingCallbacks;
    component._pendingCallbacks = null;
    ReactReconciler.performUpdateIfNecessary(component,transaction.reconcileTransaction,updateBatchNumber);
    if (callbacks) {
      for (var j = 0; j < callbacks.length; j++) {
        transaction.callbackQueue.enqueue(callbacks[j],component.getPublicInstance());
      }
    }
  }
}
function mountOrderComparator(c1,c2) {
  return c1._mountOrder - c2._mountOrder;
}
  • flushBatchedUpdates在事务ReactUpdatesFlushTransaction中,此事务是对ReactReconcileTransactionCallbackQueue的封装,结束时置空dirtyComponents通知回调
  • performUpdateIfNecessary最终会调用updateComponent,进行更新

diff 算法

  • 传统对于树的 diff 算法,时间复杂度要达到 o(n^3),这对于用户端显然是不能接受的。而 React基于几个基础假设,将时间复杂度优化为 o(n)
  • 假设(策略)
  • Web UI 中 DOM 节点跨层级的移动操作特别少,可以忽略不计
  • 拥有相同类的两个组件将会生成相似的树形结构,拥有不同类的两个组件将会生成不同的树形结构
  • 对于同一层级的一组子节点,它们可以通过唯一 id进行区分

场景

  • tree diff:只对比同层级节点(注意前文中所有代码中,都是只比较prevRenderedElement和nextRenderedElement)
  • component diff: 如果类型相同则继续比较,如果类型不同则直接卸载再挂载,即上文中提到的shouldUpdateReactComponent(虽然当两个
    component 是不同类型但结构相似时,React diff 会影响性能,但正如 React 官方博客所言:不同类型的component 是很少存在相似 DOM tree 的机会,因此为这种极端情况而做太多比较是不值得的)
  • element diff: 当一组节点处于同一层级时,React 对于每个节点提供了三种操作,分别为INSERT_MARKUP(插入)、MOVE_EXISTING(移动)、 REMOVE_NODE(删除)
  • 上文的代码中,除了关心 type,还关心 key,这也是 diff 算法的关键,如图

  • 首先对新集合的节点进行循环遍历,for (name in nextChildren),如果存在相同节点,则进行操作,是否移动是通过比较child._mountIndex < lastIndex,符合则进行节点移动操作(即在老集合中的位置和 lastIndex 比较),lastIndex 表示访问过的节点在老集合中最右的位置(即最大的位置)。这是一种顺序优化手段,lastIndex 一直在更新,表示访问过的节点在老集合中最右的位置,如果新集合中当前访问的节点比 lastIndex大,说明当前访问节点在老集合中就比上一个节点位置靠后,则该节点不会影响其他节点的位置,因此不用添加到差异队列中,即不执行移动操作,只有当访问的节点比lastIndex 小时,才需要进行移动操作。来看具体过程:

  • 从新集合中取得 B,判断老集合中存在相同节点 B,通过对比节点位置判断是否进行移动操作,B 在老集合中的位置 B._mountIndex = 1,此时 lastIndex = 0,不满足 child._mountIndex < lastIndex 的条件,因此不对 B 进行移动操作;更新 lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex),其中
    prevChild._mountIndex 表示 B 在老集合中的位置,则 lastIndex = 1,并将 B的位置更新为新集合中的位置prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex,此时新集合中 B._mountIndex = 0,nextIndex++ 进入下一个节点的判断
  • 从新集合中取得 A,判断老集合中存在相同节点 A,通过对比节点位置判断是否进行移动操作,A 在老集合中的位置 A._mountIndex = 0,此时 lastIndex = 1,满足 child._mountIndex < lastIndex的条件,因此对 A 进行移动操作 enqueueMove(this,child._mountIndex,toIndex),其中 toIndex 其实就是nextIndex,表示 A 需要移动到的位置;更新 lastIndex =Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex),则 lastIndex = 1,并将 A的位置更新为新集合中的位置 prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex,此时新集合中A._mountIndex = 1,nextIndex++ 进入下一个节点的判断。
  • 从新集合中取得 D,判断老集合中存在相同节点 D,通过对比节点位置判断是否进行移动操作,D 在老集合中的位置 D._mountIndex= 3,此时 lastIndex = 1,不满足 child._mountIndex < lastIndex的条件,因此不对 D 进行移动操作;更新 lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex),则lastIndex = 3,并将 D 的位置更新为新集合中的位置 prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex,此时新集合中D._mountIndex = 2,nextIndex++ 进入下一个节点的判断。
  • 从新集合中取得 C,判断老集合中存在相同节点 C,通过对比节点位置判断是否进行移动操作,C 在老集合中的位置 C._mountIndex= 2,此时 lastIndex = 3,满足 child._mountIndex < lastIndex 的条件,因此对 C 进行移动操作 enqueueMove(this,toIndex);更新 lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex),则 lastIndex = 3,并将 C的位置更新为新集合中的位置 prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex,此时新集合中 C._mountIndex= 3,nextIndex++ 进入下一个节点的判断,由于 C 已经是最后一个节点,因此 diff 到此完成。
  • 当有新的 Component 插入时,逻辑一致,不做具体分析了
  • 当完成集合中所有节点 diff,还需要遍历老集合,如果存在新集合中没有但老集合中有的节点,则删除

代码(ReactMultiChild.js),针对 element diff(tree diff 和 component diff 在之前的代码中已经提到过):

_updateChildren: function (nextNestedChildrenElements,context) {
      var prevChildren = this._renderedChildren;
      var removedNodes = {};
      var mountImages = [];
      var nextChildren = this._reconcilerUpdateChildren(prevChildren,nextNestedChildrenElements,mountImages,removedNodes,context);
      if (!nextChildren && !prevChildren) {
        return;
      }
      var updates = null;
      var name;
      // `nextIndex` will increment for each child in `nextChildren`,but
      // `lastIndex` will be the last index visited in `prevChildren`.
      var nextIndex = 0;
      var lastIndex = 0;
      // `nextMountIndex` will increment for each newly mounted child.
      var nextMountIndex = 0;
      var lastPlacedNode = null;
      for (name in nextChildren) {
        if (!nextChildren.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
          continue;
        }
        var prevChild = prevChildren && prevChildren[name];
        var nextChild = nextChildren[name];
        if (prevChild === nextChild) {
          updates = enqueue(updates,this.moveChild(prevChild,lastPlacedNode,nextIndex,lastIndex));
          lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex);
          prevChild._mountIndex = nextIndex;
        } else {
          if (prevChild) {
            // Update `lastIndex` before `_mountIndex` gets unset by unmounting.
            lastIndex = Math.max(prevChild._mountIndex,lastIndex);
            // The `removedNodes` loop below will actually remove the child.
          }
          // The child must be instantiated before it's mounted.
          updates = enqueue(updates,this._mountChildAtIndex(nextChild,mountImages[nextMountIndex],context));
          nextMountIndex++;
        }
        nextIndex++;
        lastPlacedNode = ReactReconciler.getHostNode(nextChild);
      }
      // Remove children that are no longer present.
      for (name in removedNodes) {
        if (removedNodes.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
          updates = enqueue(updates,this._unmountChild(prevChildren[name],removedNodes[name]));
        }
      }
      if (updates) {
        processQueue(this,updates);
      }
      this._renderedChildren = nextChildren;
    },

综上,在开发中,保持稳定的结构有助于性能提升,当有一组节点时,除了要设置 key,也要避免将靠后的节点移动到靠前的位置

一些其他的点

interface(ReactClass.js)

var ReactClassInterface = {
  mixins: 'DEFINE_MANY',statics: 'DEFINE_MANY',propTypes: 'DEFINE_MANY',contextTypes: 'DEFINE_MANY',childContextTypes: 'DEFINE_MANY',// ==== Definition methods ====
  getDefaultProps: 'DEFINE_MANY_MERGED',getInitialState: 'DEFINE_MANY_MERGED',getChildContext: 'DEFINE_MANY_MERGED',render: 'DEFINE_ONCE',// ==== Delegate methods ====
  componentWillMount: 'DEFINE_MANY',componentDidMount: 'DEFINE_MANY',componentWillReceiveProps: 'DEFINE_MANY',shouldComponentUpdate: 'DEFINE_ONCE',componentWillUpdate: 'DEFINE_MANY',componentDidUpdate: 'DEFINE_MANY',componentWillUnmount: 'DEFINE_MANY',// ==== Advanced methods ====
  updateComponent: 'OVERRIDE_BASE'
};
function validateMethodOverride(isAlreadyDefined,name) {
  var specPolicy = ReactClassInterface.hasOwnProperty(name) ? ReactClassInterface[name] : null;
  // Disallow overriding of base class methods unless explicitly allowed.
  if (ReactClassMixin.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
    !(specPolicy === 'OVERRIDE_BASE') ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false,'ReactClassInterface: You are attempting to override `%s` from your class specification. Ensure that your method names do not overlap with React methods.',name) : _prodInvariant('73',name) : void 0;
  }
  // Disallow defining methods more than once unless explicitly allowed.
  if (isAlreadyDefined) {
    !(specPolicy === 'DEFINE_MANY' || specPolicy === 'DEFINE_MANY_MERGED') ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false,'ReactClassInterface: You are attempting to define `%s` on your component more than once. This conflict may be due to a mixin.',name) : _prodInvariant('74',name) : void 0;
  }
}

可以看到,和后端中interface(或是抽象类)还是有区别的,但是可以起到规范和检查的作用,实际项目中可以借鉴

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/react/301748.html

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