PHP设计模式之责任链模式的深入解析
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PHP设计模式之责任链模式的深入解析,
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责任链模式,其目的是组织一个对象链处理一个如方法调用的请求。
当ConcreteHandler(具体的处理程序)不知道如何满足来自Client的请求时,或它的目的不是这个时,它会委派给链中的下一个Handler(处理程序)来处理。这个设计模式通常和复合模式一起使用,其中有些叶子或容器对象默认委派操作给它们的父对象。另一个例子是,本地化通常是使用责任链处理的,当德语翻译适配器没有为翻译关键词找到合适的结果时,就返回到英语适配器或干脆直接显示关键词本身。耦合减少到最低限度:Client类不知道由哪个具体的类来处理请求;在创建对象图时配置了链;ConcreteHandlers不知道哪个对象是它们的继承者。行为在对象之间分配是成功的,链中最近的对象有优先权和责任满足请求。
<FONT style="COLOR: #ff0000">参与者:
◆Client(客户端):向Handler(处理程序)提交一个请求;
◆Handler(处理程序)抽象:接收一个请求,以某种方式满足它;
◆ConcreteHandlers(具体的处理程序):接收一个请求,设法满足它,如果不成功就委派给下一个处理程序。
<FONT style="COLOR: #0000ff">下面的
代码实现了一个最著名的责任链示例:多级缓存。
<div class="codetitle">
<a style="CURSOR: pointer" data="76606" class="copybut" id="copybut76606" onclick="doCopy('code76606')"> 代码如下: <div class="codebody" id="code76606">
/
The Handler abstraction. Objects that want to be a part of the
ChainOfResponsibility must implement this interface directly or via
inheritance from an AbstractHandler.
/
interface KeyValueStore
{
/ Obtain a value.
@param string $key
@return mixed
/
public function get($key);
} /
Basic no-op implementation which ConcreteHandlers not interested in
caching or in interfering with the retrieval inherit from.
*/
abstract class AbstractKeyValueStore implements KeyValueStore
{
protected $_nextHandler; public function get($key)
{
return $this->_nextHandler->get($key);
}
} /*
Ideally the last ConcreteHandler in the chain. At least,if inserted in
a Chain it will be the last node to be called.
/
class SlowStore implements KeyValueStore
{
/ This could be a somewhat slow store: a database or a flat file.
/
protected $_values; public function
construct(array $values = array())
{
$this->_values = $values;
} public function get($key)
{
return $this->_values[$key];
}
} /*
A ConcreteHandler that handles the request for a key by looking for it in
its own cache. Forwards to the next handler in case of cache miss.
/
class InMemoryKeyValueStore implements KeyValueStore
{
protected $_nextHandler;
protected $_cached = array(); public function construct(KeyValueStore $nextHandler)
{
$this->_nextHandler = $nextHandler;
} protected function _load($key)
{
if (!isset($this->_cached[$key])) {
$this->_cached[$key] = $this->_nextHandler->get($key);
}
} public function get($key)
{
$this->_load($key);
return $this->_cached[$key];
}
} /*
A ConcreteHandler that delegates the request without trying to
understand it at all. It may be easier to use in the user interface
because it can specialize itself by defining methods that generates
html,or by addressing similar user interface concerns.
Some Clients see this object only as an instance of KeyValueStore
and do not care how it satisfy their requests,while other ones
may use it in its entirety (similar to a class-based adapter).
No client knows that a chain of Handlers exists.
/
class FrontEnd extends AbstractKeyValueStore
{
public function __construct(KeyValueStore $nextHandler)
{
$this->_nextHandler = $nextHandler;
} public function getEscaped($key)
{
return htmlentities($this->get($key),ENT_NOQUOTES,'UTF-8');
}
} // Client code
$store = new SlowStore(array('pd' => 'Philip K. Dick',
'ia' => 'Isaac Asimov',
'ac' => 'Arthur C. Clarke',
'hh' => 'Helmut Heißenbüttel'));
// in development,we skip cache and pass $store directly to FrontEnd
$cache = new InMemoryKeyValueStore($store);
$frontEnd = new FrontEnd($cache); echo $frontEnd->get('ia'),"\n";
echo $frontEnd->getEscaped('hh'),"\n";
◆此外,Handler抽象可能存在,也可能不存在,最好的选择是一个分开的Handler接口只可以执行handleRequest()操作,不要强制一个链只在一个层次中,因为后面的已经存在了;
中,它可能是一个标量类型,如string,注意在某些语言中,一个string就是一个不变的ValueObject。简单的总结责任链模式,可以归纳为:用一系列类(classes)试图处理一个请求request,这些类之间是一个松散的耦合,唯一共同点是在他们之间传递request. 也就是说,来了一个请求,A类先处理,如果没有处理,就传递到B类处理,如果没有处理,就传递到C类处理,就这样象一个链条(chain)一样传递下去。