解决方法

ListView<String> listView =new ListView<String>();

从ListView中获取选定的元素：

listView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem();

跟踪(聆听)列表视图选择中的更改：

listView.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<String>() {
    @Override
    public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends String> observable,String oldValue,String newValue) {
        System.out.println("ListView selection changed from oldValue = " 
                + oldValue + " to newValue = " + newValue);
    }
});