std::vector
作为我的间接技术来定义和访问“递归”
boost::variant
.我的实现适用于libstdc,但不适用于libc.
这是我定义我的变体的方式:
struct my_variant_wrapper; using my_variant_array = std::vector<my_variant_wrapper>; // <- indirection here using my_variant = boost::variant<int,my_variant_array>; struct my_variant_wrapper { my_variant _v; template <typename... Ts> my_variant_wrapper(Ts&&... xs) : _v(std::forward<Ts>(xs)...) { } };
我使用std :: vector来引入间接(因此动态分配将阻止my_variant具有无限大小).
我很有信心我可以使用std :: vector< my_variant_wrapper>,其中my_variant_wrapper是incomplete type,因为paper N4510 (“Minimal incomplete type support for standard containers”):
>根据WG21’s 2015 page,该论文获得批准.
>根据this page,libstdc一直支持这些功能.
>根据this page,它在libc 3.6中实现.
我随后访问该变体如下:
struct my_visitor { void operator()(int x) const { } void operator()(const my_variant_array& arr) const { for(const auto& x : arr) boost::apply_visitor(*this,x._v); } }; int main() { my_variant v0 = my_variant_array{ my_variant{1},my_variant{2},my_variant_array{ my_variant{3},my_variant{4} } }; boost::apply_visitor(my_visitor{},v0); }
A minimal complete example is available on coliru.
>我使用以下标志:
-std=c++1z -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic
> BOOST_VERSION的计算结果为106100.
代码:
>按预期编译和运行:
> g(测试版本:6.1和7),libstdc.
> clang(测试版本:3.8),libstdc.
>(作为奖励,它也适用于std :: variant进行适当的更改!)
>无法编译:
> clang(测试版本:3.8,4),带有libc.
这是我在用libc编译时得到的错误:
In file included from prog.cc:2: In file included from /usr/local/boost-1.61.0/include/boost/variant.hpp:17: /usr/local/boost-1.61.0/include/boost/variant/variant.hpp:1537:28: error: no matching member function for call to 'initialize' initializer::initialize( ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~ /usr/local/boost-1.61.0/include/boost/variant/variant.hpp:1692:9: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::variant<int,std::__1::vector<my_variant_wrapper,std::__1::allocator<my_variant_wrapper> > >::convert_construct<my_variant_wrapper>' requested here convert_construct(operand,1L); ^ prog.cc:15:38: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::variant<int,std::__1::allocator<my_variant_wrapper> > >::variant<my_variant_wrapper>' requested here my_variant_wrapper(Ts&&... xs) : _v(std::forward<Ts>(xs)...) { } ^ /usr/local/libcxx-head/include/c++/v1/memory:1783:31: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'my_variant_wrapper::my_variant_wrapper<my_variant_wrapper &>' requested here ::new((void*)__p) _Up(_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...); ^ /usr/local/libcxx-head/include/c++/v1/memory:1694:18: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::__1::allocator<my_variant_wrapper>::construct<my_variant_wrapper,my_variant_wrapper &>' requested here {__a.construct(__p,_VSTD::forward<_Args>(__args)...);} ^ ...
The full error is available on wandbox.
为什么代码没有用libc编译? (这可能是libc的N4510实现中需要报告的缺陷吗?)
该错误似乎表明该变体未能检测到应该初始化哪些成员,但实际上我无法理解它.我也对使用libstdc(具有相同的boost版本)按预期工作的事实感到困惑.
解决方法
note: in instantiation of function template specialization
‘my_variant_wrapper::my_variant_wrapper<my_variant_wrapper &>
‘
requested here
限制它,你的问题就消失了.
实现之间的区别是由于vector的复制构造函数复制元素的方式. libstdc将源元素视为const:
vector(const vector& __x) : _Base(__x.size(),_Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__x._M_get_Tp_allocator())) { this->_M_impl._M_finish = std::__uninitialized_copy_a(__x.begin(),__x.end(),this->_M_impl._M_start,_M_get_Tp_allocator()); }
因为在const vector&上调用了begin()和end(). x,它们返回常量迭代器.
libc将源元素视为非const:
template <class _Tp,class _Allocator> vector<_Tp,_Allocator>::vector(const vector& __x) : __base(__alloc_traits::select_on_container_copy_construction(__x.__alloc())) { #if _LIBCPP_DEBUG_LEVEL >= 2 __get_db()->__insert_c(this); #endif size_type __n = __x.size(); if (__n > 0) { allocate(__n); __construct_at_end(__x.__begin_,__x.__end_,__n); } }
__begin_和__end_是指针,由于const很浅,__ x的常量不会使指针成为const.
两者都是一致的,因为CopyInsertable需要来自const和非const源的可复制性.但是,您的模板仅劫持从非const复制(因为它失去了模板/非模板仲裁器对const case的复制),因此您只能在libc中看到问题.