UIWebView加载本地HTML5文件
一.准备HTML文件及其资源文件
使用UIWebView加载本地的HTML文件 index.html,在index.html中引用了本地的图片、CSS文件、JS文件以及外部的图片。
index.html内容如下
<html> <head> <link href="index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script type="text/javascript"language="javascript"src="index.js"> </head> <body> <p>This is local Image</p> <img src="Smiley.png" width="50" height="50" /> <hr/> <p>this is local image from CSS.</p> <div id="myimage"></div> <hr/> <p>this is external image.</p> <img src="http://imglf9.ph.126.net/F37NyhuzmvHJChMARbFmHA==/1010495166409149719.jpg" width="300" height="200" /> </body> </html>
HTML中会显示3张图片,第一张是html从本地读取的图片,第二张是通过CSS从本地读取的图片,第三张是通过绝对地址从外部读取的图片。
index.css文件内容如下:
body { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; } p { font-size: 15px; color: #808080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; } #myimage { background-image: url(SmallSmiley.png); background-repeat: repeat-x; }
function rewrite() { document.write("This text was written by an external script!") }
index.js
还有引用到了两个本地图片文件:
SmallSmiley.png
Smiley.png
二.加载本地html文件
将html文件及相关资源添加到项目中
需要注意的是,把js文件加入到项目时会默认将其当做需要编译的代码,需要在TARGETS->Build Phases中的”Compile Sources”中找到该js文件,并将其移到上面的Copy Bundle Resources中。
然后在代码中可以用两种方法加载。
1.第一种方式,使用loadRequest:方法加载本地文件NSURLRequest
NSString* path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"]; NSURL* url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]; NSURLRequest* request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] ; [webView loadRequest:request];
2.第二种方式,使用loadHTMLString:baseURL:加载HTML字符串
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]; NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"]; NSString *html = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil]; [webView loadHTMLString:html baseURL:baseURL];
加载后的显示效果如下,本地图片,CSS加载的本地图片,以及外部图片都可以正常显示。
在HTML页面加载完毕后,我们可以使用UIWebView的stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:方法执行JavaScript语句。如下:
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{ [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"rewrite();"]; }
loadHTMLString:baseURL:方法的第二个参数是baseURL,baseURL即HTML字符串中引用到资源的查找路径,没有引用外部资源时,可以直接传nil;若引用了外部资源,一般情况下使用mainBundle的路径即可,即
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]];
这是因为,Xcode项目中的文件路径都是虚拟的,在APP中实际不存在,即在APP中,几乎所有的文件都可以从mainBundle根目录下直接访问,当然,例外总是存在的。
在将文件/文件夹加入到项目时,有这样两个选项“Create Folder References for any added folders”和“Recursively create groups for any added folders”。
默认情况下为第一种,即所有加入到项目的文件都会在mainBundle根路径下,即不管加入项目的文件的目录结构如何,在APP中都可以通过mainBundlePath/filename来访问到;如果采用第二种方式,则就会保留相对路径,需要通过mainBundlePath/path/filename来访问。通过这两种方式到项目的文件夹显示具有不同的颜色,如下
images1目录是使用“Create Folder References for any added folders”增加的目录,images2目录是使用“Recursively create groups for any added folders”增加的目录。
NSString* image1Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image1"ofType:@"jpg"]; NSString* image11Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image11"ofType:@"jpg"];
images1和images11目录实际是不存在的,下面代码返回的路径都是nil
NSString* images1Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images1"ofType:nil]; NSString* images11Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images11"ofType:nil];
对于images2目录以及目录下的文件路径,其在APP中仍然保持了目录关系,就不能用上述方法获取,而且目录路径是真实存在的,应该使用的代码如下:
NSString* images2Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image2"ofType:@"jpg"inDirectory:@"images2"]; NSString* image22Path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image22"ofType:@"jpg"inDirectory:@"images2/images22"]; NSString* images2Dir = [[NSBundlemainBundle] pathForResource:@"images2"ofType:nil]; NSString* images2Dir = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images22"ofType:nilinDirectory:@"images2"];
还有一种比较特殊的目录是以.bundle为后缀的目录,将其加入到项目是不管选择的是哪个选项,其都会保持其目录结构。
@L_404_21@
对子bundle的访问,可以通过同images2目录相同的方法访问,但一般情况下是先获取到子Bundle,再通过子Bundle获取到其里面的资源。
NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"images" ofType:@"bundle"]]; NSString* imagebPath = [bundle pathForResource:@"imageb"ofType:@"jpg"]; NSString* imagebbPath = [bundle pathForResource:@"imagebb"ofType:@"jpg" inDirectory:@"imagesb"];
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iOS和Android都提供了有关webview和javascript通讯的功能,这就使开发者根据手机的系统展示适合手机的界面,是界面开发更加简单。
我的原型主要实现通过UIWebView展示本地的html、css、javascript文件,并且和ios互相通讯,用来展示数据。
下面是我实现的一个简单demo,界面效果如下:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface ipad_web1ViewController : UIViewController <UIWebViewDelegate>{ IBOutlet UIWebView *myWebView; } @property (nonatomic,retain) UIWebView *myWebView; @end
相应的.m文件:
#import "ipad_web1ViewController.h"
@implementation ipad_web1ViewController @synthesize myWebView; - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.myWebView.delegate=self; NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"]; [myWebView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath: path]]]; } - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { return YES; }
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }
- (void)viewDidUnload { self.myWebView=nil; }
- (void)dealloc { [self.myWebView release]; [super dealloc]; } #pragma mark – #pragma mark UIWebViewDelegate - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType { if ( [request.mainDocumentURL.relativePath isEqualToString:@"/click/false"] ) { NSLog( @"not clicked" ); return false; } if ( [request.mainDocumentURL.relativePath isEqualToString:@"/click/true"] ) { //the image is clicked,variable click is true NSLog( @"image clicked" ); UIAlertView* alert=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"JavaScriptcalled" message:@"You’ve called iPhone provided control from javascript!!" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; return false; } return true; } - (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { NSString *title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title11=%@",title); } - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { NSString *title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title=%@",title); //添加数据 [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var field = document.getElementById('field_2');" "field.value='Multiple statements - OK';"]; //[myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var script = document.createElement('script');" // "script.type = 'text/javascript';" // "script.text = \"function myFunction() { " // "var field = document.getElementById('field_3');" // "field.value='Calling function - OK';" // "}\";" // "document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);"]; // // [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"myFunction();"]; } - (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error { } @end
- 最后在Interface Builder中添加UIwebView控件,并且和相应的实体相关联。
NSString *title = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.title"]; NSLog(@"title=%@",title);
[myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"var field = document.getElementById('field_2');" "field.value='Multiple statements - OK';"];
添加相应的表单信息。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <Meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>How to build an iPhone website</title> <Meta name="author" content="will" /> <Meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2008 www.engageinteractive.co.uk" /> <Meta name="description" content="Welcome to engege interactive on the iPhone!" /> <Meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0;"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/template/engage.png"/> <style type="text/css"> @import url("layout.css"); </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="test.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>测试</h1> <center><a href="javascript:void(0)" onMouseDown="imageClicked()">click me</a></center> <form> <input id="field_1" type="text" name="value" /><br/><br/><br/> <input id="field_2" type="text" name="value" /><br/><br/><br/> <input id="field_3" type="text" name="value" /><br/><br/><br/> </form> </body> </html>
body { background-color: #F2F5A9; }
function imageClicked(){ var clicked=true; window.location="/click/"+clicked; }
运行,点击连接应该不出相应的对话框,说明相应的javascript没有生效。修改办法是打开targets,点击ipad.web1,移动相应的test.js文件到下图即可。
源代码:http://easymorse-iphone.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ipad.web1/