初识CentOS服务命令大全

@H_403_5@（1）系统架构

查看内核

 #uname-s-r
 Linux2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64

查看发布版本

#cat/etc/redhat-release

CentOSrelease6.4(Final)

查看cpu架构

#arch

x86_64(x86_64表示64位机器/i686表示32位机器)

#getconfLONG_BIT

64

（2）用户设置

添加用户

#/usr/sbin/useradduser1-d/home/user1-Gnobody

#passwduser1

Newpassword:123456

Retypenewpassword: passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.

确认用户

#iduser1

删除用户

#userdel-ruser1

赋予root权限

#usermod-Gwheelhoge

#vi/etc/pam.d/su

auth@R_403_103@pam_wheel.souse_uid#<=取消注释

用户一览

#cat/etc/passwd

（3）网络设置

设置IP

#vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

OTPROTO="static"#<=

HWADDR="00:0C:29:53:A5:AE"

IPV6INIT="no"#<=

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

ONBOOT="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"

UUID="1ca6acf4-ebce-415a-a89b-bf89a67819ff"

IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xx.xx"#<=

NETMASK="255.255.255.0"#<=

GATEWAY="xxx.xxx.xx.xx"#<=

DNS1="xxx.xxx.xx.xx"#<=

#servicenetworkrestart

Shuttingdowninterfaceeth0:

......

Connectionactivated[OK]

#ifconfig

eth0Linkencap:EthernetHWaddr00:0C:29:2F:D5:58

inetaddr:xxx.xxx.xx.xxBcast:xxx.xxx.xx.xxMask:255.255.255.0

......

卸载NestworkManager服务

#chkconfigNetworkManageroff

#yum-yremoveNetworkManager

关闭IPv6

#serviceip6tablesstop

#chkconfigip6tablesoff

#echo"installipv6/bin/true">>/etc/modprobe.d/disable-ipv6.conf

#vi/etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

IPV6INIT=no

#shutdown-rnow

#lsmod|grepipv6

没有ipv6模块

#netstat-an|grepffff

没有:ffff:开始的IP

没有inet6addr开始的文字

（4）包管理设置

yum清理

#yumcleanall

Loadedplugins:fastestmirror,security

Cleaningrepos:baseextrasupdates

CleaningupEverything

#yummakecache

Determiningfastestmirrors

………….

MetadataCacheCreated

yum更新

#yum-yupdate

自动更新

#yum-yinstallyum-cron

#vi/etc/sysconfig/yum-cron

CHECK_ONLY=yes

DOWNLOAD_ONLY=yes

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-cronstart

#chkconfigyum-cronon

#chkconfig--listyum-cron

自动查找最快镜像

#yum-yinstallyum-plugin-fastestmirror

#vi/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf

enabled=0←0：无效1：有效

添加repository

#vi/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

#rpm-Uvhhttp://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

#vi/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo

0

#yum--enablerepo=rpmforgeinstallxxxx

#rpm-Uvhhttp://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

#vi/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

#yum--enablerepo=epelinstallxxxx

（5）设置vim

#yum-yinstallvim-enhanced

#vi/etc/profile

aliasvi='vim'

#source/etc/profile

#vi/etc/vimrc

（6）安全设置

关闭SELinux

#getenforce

#setenforce0←临时关闭

#vi/etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=enforcing

　　　↓

SELINUX=disabled

停止iptables

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptablesstop

iptables:Flushingfirewallrules:[OK]

iptables:SettingchainstopolicyACCEPT:filter[OK]

iptables:Unloadingmodules:[OK]

#chkconfigiptablesoff

#chkconfig--listiptables

iptables0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off

（7）系统运行情况

磁盘使用情况

#df-h

#yum-yinstallsysstat

#iostat

内存使用情况

#free-m

cpu和内存

#cat/proc/cpuinfo

#cat/proc/meminfo

（8）其他

本地语言化

#yum-ygroupinstall"JapaneseSupport"

#vi/etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

LANG="ja_JP.UTF-8"

#source/etc/sysconfig/i18n

#echo$LANG

ja_JP.UTF-8

#shutdown-rnow

停止不必要的服务

#chkconfig--list|grep3:on

#chkconfigip6tablesoff

编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter)

#yum-yinstallnkf

#vireadme.txt

test

漢字

#nkf-greadme.txt

UTF-8(LF)

#nkf-s--overwritereadme.txt

Shift_JIS(LF)

#nkf-j--overwritereadme.txt

ISO-2022-JP(LF)

安装gcc

#rpm-qagcc

#yum-yinstallgccgcc-c++

#gcc-v

Usingbuilt-inspecs.

Target:i686-redhat-linux

…………

gccversion4.4.720120313(RedHat4.4.7-4)(GCC)

安装PCRE

#cd/usr/local/src

#wgetftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

#tarzxvfpcre- #cd/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35

#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/pcre/ #makeclean

#make&&makeinstall

#PATH=/usr/local/pcre/8.35/bin:$PATH

#vi/etc/ld.so.conf

/usr/local/pcre/8.35/lib←末尾追加

#ldconfig

#rpm-qapcre

pcre-7.8-6.el6.x86_64

#pcretest-C

PCREversion7.82008-09-05

安装OpenSSL

#wgethttp://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz

#tarxzvfopenssl- #cdopenssl-1.0.1h

#./configshared-fPIC

/usr/local/ssl/lib←末尾追加

#ldconfig-f/etc/ld.so.conf-vp|grepssl/lib

libssl.so.1.0.0(libc6)=>/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0

libssl.so(libc6)=>/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so

libcrypto.so.1.0.0(libc6)=>/usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0

libcrypto.so(libc6)=>/usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so

#/usr/local/ssl/bin/opensslversion

OpenSSL1.0.1h5Jun2014

NTP同步时间

引用

# yum -y install ntp
# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
# vi /etc/ntp.conf
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org
# ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
# /etc/init.d/ntpd start
# ntpq -p
# ntpstat

 #yumupdateglibc
 #rpm-qa|grepglibc
2.12-1.149.el6_6.5