1
•ip addr show 中显示的IP才是有效的。
•ip addr add能在线添加IP,立即生效,但重启即丢。
•ip addr del 能在线删除IP,立即生效,但重启即丢。
2
•子连接(ifcfg-*:n)已经无效了。
3
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件没有了,新添加的网卡NetworkManager自动识别。
[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli con show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 0c451785-b098-4c5c-994d-9107171b439d 802-3-ethernet enp0s8
enp0s3 295e1841-0ff3-4db9-8800-4e25fc2944da 802-3-ethernet enp0s3
“Wired connection 1”是新增的网络连接,对应的网络接口叫enp0s8;
“enp0s3”是最初的网络连接,默认与网络接口同名。
CentOS 7缺省用NetworkManager服务管理网络,而不是子连接(ifcfg-*:n)
5
网络接口统计信息
[root@centos7 ~]# ip -s link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
0 0 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
0 0 0 0 0 0
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:15:35:d2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
8135366 131454 0 0 0 456
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
646297 2441 0 0 0 0
6、ip route显示和设定路由
显示路由表
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024
192.168.150.0/24 dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110
太难看了,格式化一下(显示的是默认网关和局域网路由,两行的内容没有共通性):
[root@centos7 tmp]# ip route|column -t
default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024
192.168.150.0/24 dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110
添加静态路由
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route add 10.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3
[root@centos7 ~]#
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route|column -t
default via 192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1024
10.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3 proto static metric 1
192.168.150.0/24 dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.150.110
[root@centos7 ~]#
[root@centos7 ~]# ping 10.15.150.1
PING 10.15.150.1 (10.15.150.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.77 ms
64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.08 ms
64 bytes from 10.15.150.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.57 ms
^C
删除静态路由只需要把 add 替换成 del,或者更简单的只写目标网络
[root@centos7 ~]# ip route del 10.15.150.0/24
[root@centos7 ~]#
但是,ip route 指令对路由的修改不能保存,重启就没了。
7 FIXME
设置永久的静态路由的方法RHEL官网文档讲了几种,试验成功的只有一种:
[root@centos7 ~]#echo "10.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3" > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-enp0s3
重启计算机,或者禁用再启用设备enp0s3才能生效,
注意:/etc/sysconfig/static-routes,/etc/sysconfig/network 配置文件都不好用。
8、用 ip neighbor 代替 arp -n
[root@centos7 ~]# ip nei
192.168.150.254 dev enp0s3 lladdr b8:a3:86:37:bd:f8 STALE
192.168.150.100 dev enp0s3 lladdr 90:b1:1c:94:a1:20 DELAY
192.168.150.253 dev enp0s3 lladdr 00:09:0f:85:86:b9 STALE
9、用ss 代替 netstat
对应netstat -ant
[root@centos7 ~]# ss -ant
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.150.110:22 192.168.150.100:53233
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
对应netstat -antp
[root@centos7 tmp]# ss -antp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
users:(("master",1817,13))
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
users:(("sshd",1288,3))
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.150.110:22 192.168.150.100:59413
users:(("sshd",2299,3))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
users:(("master",14))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
users:(("sshd",4))
[root@centos7 tmp]#
看着真的很别扭,不管多宽的终端屏,users:部分都会折到下一行,其实是在一行的。
[root@centos7 tmp]# ss -antp|column -t
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",13))
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",3))
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.150.110:22 192.168.150.100:59413 users:(("sshd",3))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",14))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",4))
10、旧的network脚本和ifcfg文件
Centos7 开始,网络由 NetworkManager 服务负责管理,相对于旧的 /etc/init.d/network 脚本,NetworkManager是动态的、事件驱动的网络管理服务。旧的 /etc/init.d/network 以及 ifup,ifdown 等依然存在,但是处于备用状态,即:NetworkManager运行时,多数情况下这些脚本会调用NetworkManager去完成网络配置任务;NetworkManager么有运行时,这些脚本就按照老传统管理网络。
[root@centos7 ~]# /etc/init.d/network start
Starting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
注意(via systemctl)。
11、网络配置文件:
/etc/sysconfig/network 说是全局设置,默认里面啥也没有
/etc/hostname 用nmtui修改hostname后,主机名保存在这里
/etc/resolv.conf 保存DNS设置,不需要手工改,nmtui里面设置的DNS会出现在这里
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 连接配置信息 ifcfg 文件
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ VPN、移动宽带、PPPoE连接
12
You can rename the device using the ip command: (disappear when rebooted)
ip link set eth1 down ip link set eth1 name eth123 ip link set eth123 up
You may also want to make sure that you configure a udev rule,so that this will work on the next reboot too. The path for udev moved in CentOS 7 to /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules but you are still able to manage it the same way. If you added "net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0" to your kernel boot string to return to the old naming scheme for your nics,you can remove
ACTION=="add",SUBSYSTEM=="net",DRIVERS=="?*",ATTR{type}=="1",PROGRAM="/lib/udev/rename_device",RESULT=="?*",NAME="$result"
And replace it with
ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="00:50:56:8e:3f:a7",NAME="eth123"
You need one entry per nic. Be sure to use the correct MAC address and update the NAME field. If you did not use "net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0",be careful as there could be unintended consequences.
我提供的一个办法不需要改grub,也不需要改动命令方法,但也有12的问题。
这个方法不需要12方法,需要在centos7上启动一个服务,这个服务在udev服务后,或者在启动后运行,其脚本是一次性的,即上面的ip link改名脚本。
REF:
1 http://blog.csdn.net/kunatnet/article/details/45149543
2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107375p6.htm
3 http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/205010/centos-7-rename-network-interface-without-rebooting
原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/centos/380447.html