1.1 inotify介绍@H_301_5@
inotify是一种强大的、细粒度的、异步的文件系统事件控制机制。linux内核从2.6.13起,加入了inotify支持,通过inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除、修改、移动等各种事件,利用这个内核接口,第三方软件就可以监控文件系统下文件的各种变化情况,而inotify-tools正是实施监控的软件。@H_301_5@
2.1 环境部署@H_301_5@
主机名 主机IP地址 系统版本 系统内核版本@H_301_5@
inotify-master 192.168.0.35 CentOS release 7.0 (Final) 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64@H_301_5@
inotify-slave 192.168.0.42 CentOS release 7.0 (Final) 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64@H_301_5@
3.1 inotify-slave部署@H_301_5@
这里就是部署rsync服务,rsync daemon工作模式。@H_301_5@
3.1.1检查是否安装rsync@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave ~]# rpm -aq rsync@H_301_5@
rsync-3.0.9-18.el7.x86_64@H_301_5@
3.1.2 新建rsync用户及模块目录并更改其用户组@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave mail]# useradd rsync -s /sbin/nologin -M #添加rsync用户@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave mail]# grep rsync /etc/passwd@H_301_5@
rsync:x:2004:2004::/home/rsync:/sbin/nologin@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave mail]# mkdir /backup #创建rsync daemon工作模式的模块目录@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave mail]# ll -d /backup/@H_301_5@
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2017/10/25 14:28:29 /backup/@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave mail]# chown rsync.rsync /backup/ #更改模块目录的用户组@H_301_5@
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 2017/10/25 14:29:49 /backup/@H_301_5@
3.1.3 编写rsync daemon配置文件/etc/rsyncd.conf@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf@H_301_5@
##rsyncd.conf start##@H_301_5@
uid = rsync@H_301_5@
gid = rsync@H_301_5@
#相当于黑洞.出错定位@H_301_5@
use chroot = no@H_301_5@
max connections = 200@H_301_5@
#超时时间@H_301_5@
timeout = 300@H_301_5@
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid@H_301_5@
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock@H_301_5@
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log@H_301_5@
#模块开始@H_301_5@
#这个模块对应的是推送目录@H_301_5@
[backup]@H_301_5@
#需要同步的目录@H_301_5@
path = /backup/@H_301_5@
ignore errors@H_301_5@
#表示网络权限可写(本地控制真正可写)@H_301_5@
read only = false@H_301_5@
#这里设置IP或让不让同步@H_301_5@
list = false@H_301_5@
#指定允许的网段@H_301_5@
hosts allow = 192.168.0.0/24@H_301_5@
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32@H_301_5@
#不要动的东西(默认情况)@H_301_5@
auth users = rsync_backup@H_301_5@
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
#rsync_config______end@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# echo "rsync_backup:test" >/etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# cat /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
rsync_backup:test #注:rsync_backup为虚拟用户,test为这个虚拟用户的密码@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password #为密码文件提权,增加安全性@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# ll /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
-rw-------. 1 root root 18 2017/10/25 14:35:34 /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
3.1.5 启动rsync 服务@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# rsync --daemon #启动rsync服务@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# ps -ef |grep rsync@H_301_5@
root 70416 1 0 15:01 ? 00:00:00 rsync --daemon@H_301_5@
root 73804 69549 0 15:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsync@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# netstat -lnutp |grep rsync@H_301_5@
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14871/rsync@H_301_5@
tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 14871/rsync@H_301_5@
3.1.6 通过inotify-master测试推送@H_301_5@
inotify-master配置密码文件,测试推送@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# echo "test" >/etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# cat /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
test #注意:这里只要写密码即可,切记。@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
-rw------- 1 root root 18 2017/10/25 15:00:34 /etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# echo "hello test">test.txt@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# cat test.txt@H_301_5@
hello test@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# rsync -avz test.txt rsync_backup@192.168.0.42::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password@H_301_5@
sending incremental file list@H_301_5@
test.txt@H_301_5@
sent 82 bytes received 27 bytes 72.67 bytes/sec@H_301_5@
total size is 13 speedup is 0.12@H_301_5@
inotify-slave检查:@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# ll /backup/@H_301_5@
总用量 4@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r--. 1 rsync rsync 18 2017/10/25 15:02:36 test.txt@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave /]# cat /backup/test.txt@H_301_5@
4.1 inotify-master部署@H_301_5@
注:@H_301_5@
4.1.1 查看当前系统是否支持inotify@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# ll /proc/sys/fs/inotify/@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 10月 19 10:18 max_queued_events@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 10月 19 10:18 max_user_instances@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 10月 19 10:30 max_user_watches@H_301_5@
拓展:@H_301_5@
/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_evnets @H_301_5@
表示调用inotify_init时分配给inotify instance中可排队的event的数目的最大值,超出这个值的事件被丢弃,但会触发IN_Q_OVERFLOW事件。@H_301_5@
/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances@H_301_5@
/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches@H_301_5@
表示每个inotify instatnces可监控的最大目录数量。如果监控的文件数目巨大,需要根据情况,适当增加此值的大小。@H_301_5@
例如: echo 30000000 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches@H_301_5@
4.1.2 inotify安装@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# yum install -y inotify-tools@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# rpm -ql inotify-tools@H_301_5@
/usr/bin/inotifywait@H_301_5@
/usr/bin/inotifywatch@H_301_5@
/usr/lib64/libinotifytools.so.0@H_301_5@
/usr/lib64/libinotifytools.so.0.4.1@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/AUTHORS@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/COPYING@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/ChangeLog@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/NEWS@H_301_5@
/usr/share/doc/inotify-tools-3.14/README@H_301_5@
/usr/share/man/man1/inotifywait.1.gz@H_301_5@
/usr/share/man/man1/inotifywatch.1.gz@H_301_5@
4.1.3 inotify之inotifywait命令常用参数详解@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# ./usr/bin/inotifywait --help@H_301_5@
-r|--recursive Watch directories recursively. #递归查询目录@H_301_5@
-q|--quiet Print less (only print events). #打印监控事件的信息@H_301_5@
-m|--monitor Keep listening for events forever. Without this option,inotifywait will exit after one event is received. #始终保持事件监听状态@H_301_5@
--excludei <pattern> Like --exclude but case insensitive. #排除文件或目录时,不区分大小写。@H_301_5@
--timefmt <fmt> strftime-compatible format string for use with %T in --format string. #指定时间输出的格式@H_301_5@
--format <fmt> Print using a specified printf-like format string; read the man page for more details.@H_301_5@
-e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ] Listen for specific event(s). If omitted,all events are listened for. #通过此参数可以指定需要监控的事件,如下所示:@H_301_5@
Events:@H_301_5@
access file or directory contents were read #文件或目录被读取。@H_301_5@
modify file or directory contents were written #文件或目录内容被修改。@H_301_5@
attrib file or directory attributes changed #文件或目录属性被改变。@H_301_5@
close file or directory closed,regardless of read/write mode #文件或目录封闭,无论读/写模式。@H_301_5@
moved_to file or directory moved to watched directory #文件或目录被移动至另外一个目录。@H_301_5@
move file or directory moved to or from watched directory #文件或目录被移动另一个目录或从另一个目录移动至当前目录。@H_301_5@
create file or directory created within watched directory #文件或目录被创建在当前目录@H_301_5@
delete file or directory deleted within watched directory #文件或目录被删除@H_301_5@
unmount file system containing file or directory unmounted #文件系统被卸载@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# cat inotify.sh@H_301_5@
#!/bin/bash@H_301_5@
#para@H_301_5@
host01=192.168.0.42 #inotify-slave的ip地址@H_301_5@
src=/backup/ #本地监控的目录@H_301_5@
dst=backup #inotify-slave的rsync服务的模块名@H_301_5@
rsync_passfile=/etc/rsync.password #本地调用rsync服务的密码文件@H_301_5@
inotify_home=/usr #inotify的安装目录@H_301_5@
#test@H_301_5@
if [ ! -e "$src" ] \@H_301_5@
|| [ ! -e "${rsync_passfile}" ] \@H_301_5@
|| [ ! -e "${inotify_home}/bin/inotifywait" ] \@H_301_5@
|| [ ! -e "/usr/bin/rsync" ];@H_301_5@
then@H_301_5@
echo "Check File and Folder"@H_301_5@
exit 9@H_301_5@
fi@H_301_5@
${inotify_home}/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f' -e close_write,delete,create,attrib $src \@H_301_5@
| while read file@H_301_5@
do@H_301_5@
cd $src && rsync -aruz -R --delete ./ --timeout=100 $user@$host01::$dst --password-file=${rsync_passfile} >/dev/null 2>&1@H_301_5@
done@H_301_5@
exit 0@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# chmod +x inotify.sh #给脚本添加执行权限@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# sh inotify.sh & #将脚本加入后台执行@H_301_5@
[2] 85913@H_301_5@
4.1.5 实时同步测试@H_301_5@
inotify-master操作:@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master ~]# cd /backup/@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master backup]# ll@H_301_5@
总用量 0@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master backup]# for a in `seq 200`;do touch $a;done #创建200个文件@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-master backup]# ll --time-style=full-iso@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:28.052203437 +0800 95
@H_301_5@-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:28.054203448 +0800 96@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:28.056203460 +0800 97@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:28.058203471 +0800 98@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:28.060203483 +0800 99@H_301_5@
inotify-slave检查@H_301_5@
[root@inotify-slave backup]# ll --time-style=full-iso@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:29.052203437 +0800 95
@H_301_5@-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:29.054203448 +0800 96@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:29.056203460 +0800 97@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:29.058203471 +0800 98@H_301_5@
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2017-10-25 15:28:29.060203483 +0800 99@H_301_5@