实验环境：CentOS7 Minimal安装，安装过程及软件包见http://blog.csdn.net/capricorn90/article/details/52556174
SSH的英文全称是Secure SHell。通过使用SSH，你可以把所有传输的数据进行加密，这样“中间人”这种攻击方式就不可能实现了，而且也能够防止DNS和IP欺骗。还有一个额外的好处就是传输的数据是经过压缩的，所以可以加快传输的速度。SSH有很多功能，它既可以代替telnet，又可以为ftp、pop、甚至ppp提供一个安全的“通道”。
SSH在Linux中的服务是sshd，安装openssh后才可开启。CentOS 7 安装后默认情况下是不启动sshd服务，即无法通过ssh服务远程连接。
首先查看系统是否安装openssh，一般情况想都是默认安装了，
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep ssh
libssh2-1.4.3-10.el7.x86_64
openssh-server-6.6.1p1-22.el7.x86_64
openssh-clients-6.6.1p1-22.el7.x86_64
openssh-6.6.1p1-22.el7.x86_64
如果没有安装可以通过yum在线安装。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install openssh
手动设置启动ssh服务
简单的设置就是在命令行中启动sshd服务。这样做比较快捷直接，但是只能对当前状态有效，一旦重启系统就丢失了该服务。
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start sshd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active:active (running)since Fri 2016-09-16 16:18:24 CST; 6h ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 1031 (sshd)
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─1031 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 16 16:18:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon…
Sep 16 16:18:25 localhost.localdomain sshd[1031]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 16 16:18:25 localhost.localdomain sshd[1031]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 16 18:18:14 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 16 18:29:41 localhost.localdomain sshd[11847]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.92.1 port 55149 ssh2
Sep 16 18:37:11 localhost sshd[12969]: Address 192.168.92.1 maps to localhost,but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
Sep 16 18:37:12 localhost sshd[12969]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.92.1 port 55391 ssh2
Sep 16 22:09:59 localhost sshd[15252]: Address 192.168.92.1 maps to localhost,but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
Sep 16 22:10:02 localhost sshd[15252]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.92.1 port 64452 ssh2
Sep 16 22:22:08 localhost systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
设置自动启动ssh服务
1、systemclt设置自动启动
通过systemctl命令可以将sshd服务加到开机自启动列表里。实现开机自动启动sshd服务。
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable sshd
2、修改ssh监听端口
在sshd_config文件中存放了端口、控制策略等信息。
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible,but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system,you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
# The default requires explicit activation of protocol 1
#Protocol 2
# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#RSAAuthentication yes
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords,change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication,account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled,PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,68);"># PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication,then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
UsePrivilegeSeparation sandBox # Default for new installations.
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
首先修改端口，端口设置为自定义端口，即1024之后的端口，这里设置为8090。
port 8090
- 1
PermitEmptyPasswords no
- 1
开启密码登录授权（默认即开启）
PasswordAuthentication yes
- 1
禁止root账户使用ssh登录，这种设置通常用于互联网服务器，防止提权后用root账户登录搞破坏。
PermitRootLogin no
- 1
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
- 1
- 2
- 3
修改端口的时候需要添加到防火墙的控制中，否则无法使用ssh连接。
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -l | grep ssh#查看当前ssh服务监听的端口
ssh_port_t tcp 22
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 8090#增加监听端口8090[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -l | grep ssh
ssh_port_t tcp 8090,22
semanage只是端口工具，修改防火墙只能使用firewall-cmd
[root@localhost ssh]# yum provides firewall-cmd#查找防火墙工具所在的包
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.btte.net
* updates: mirrors.btte.net
firewalld-0.3.9-14.el7.noarch : A firewall daemon with D-BUS interface providing a dynamic firewall
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/firewall-cmd[root@localhost ssh]# yum -y install firewalld#安装防火墙工具
[root@localhost ssh]# systemctl start firewalld#启动防火墙服务
[root@localhost ssh]# systemctl status firewalld#查看防火墙状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2016-09-17 04:22:15 CST; 15s ago
Main PID: 16979 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─16979 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld –nofork –nopid
Sep 17 04:22:14 localhost systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon…
Sep 17 04:22:15 localhost systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost ssh]# firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=8090/tcp –permanent#防火墙中允许8090端口通过
success[root@localhost ssh]# semanage port -m -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 8090#将ssh服务修改为8090端口
[root@localhost ssh]# firewall-cmd –zone=public –remove-port=22/tcp –permanent#删除22端口
success
[root@localhost ssh]# firewall-cmd –reload#重新加载防火墙服务配置 success
