第一个使用ajax的spring mvc程序

前端之家收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了第一个使用ajax的spring mvc程序前端之家小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。

一、使用maven和intellij构造spring mvc程序的步骤和方法

1.使用如下命令创建一个名为CounterWebApp的web应用。

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.chf -DartifactId=CounterWebApp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
-DinteractiveMode=false

2.在CounterWebApp/src/main/java目录下面创建你的源代码的包目录和文件

3.在pom.xml中配置spring mvc需要添加的依赖。

如下面的代码所示:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.chf</groupId>
  <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
    <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
    <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
    <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring core-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
      <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <!--<scope>provided</scope>-->
    </dependency>



    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>${logback.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
      <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
      <version>2.3</version>
      <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
    </dependency>

    <!-- jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>${jstl.version}</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <!--最终生成的war文件名-->
    <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName>
    <plugins>

      <!-- Set JDK Compiler Level -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>${jdk.version}</source>
          <target>${jdk.version}</target>
          <encoding>GBK</encoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <!-- For Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <!--Deploy to server-->
          <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
          <server>Tomcat7Server</server>
          <path>/CounterWebApp</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>


    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

4.然后使用mvn clean && mvn install来运行程序。

5.遇到的问题和解决方法

1)mvn install过程中遇到下面的错误

Fatal error compiling: ??Ч??Ŀ??汾?? 1.7 -> [Help 1]

解决方法

在~/.bash_profile文件添加下面配置。添加完后,运行source ~/.bash_profile。

alias javac='javac -J-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -encoding UTF-8'

alias java='java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8'

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

2)这样之后,再次mvn install的时候遇到错误Fatal error compiling: invalid target release: 1.7

解决方法

~/.bash_profile文件添加一行下面的配置添加完后,运行source ~/.bash_profile。

exportJAVA_HOME='/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_60.jdk/Contents/Home'


二、创建第一个spring mvc的程序。

1.我对spring mvc的理解:

1)spring mvc的结构主要包括下面几个部分:

DispatcherServlet:将请求转发给控制器。

Controller:具体地处理请求。

Handler Mapping:映射处理器,负责映射中央处理器,转发给Controller时的映射策略。

ModelAndView:服务器返回的数据和视图层的封装类。

ViewResolver&View:视图解析器、解析具体的视图。

Interceptors:拦截器,负责拦截我们定义的请求,然后做处理工作。

2)spring mvc具体的处理流程如下图所示:



2.例子的目的:在web程序中,存在一类程序,其服务端端的处理时间比较长。正因处理时间比较长,因此这类程序有可能会导致请求超时。对于这种应用程序经常使用异步请求的方式来解决。之前没有使用过这种方式,因此首先写一个极其简单的程序。

这个程序的目的是:使用ajax的方式,每隔1s就发送一个请求到服务端。服务端会计数,如果计数达到20就返回一个finish给客户端(表示服务端的任务完成),如果客户端接收到服务端任务完成的讯息,就停止发送请求。


3.例子的具体实现:

直接上代码和各个配置文件的配置

1)Controller类:

package com.chf.controller;

import com.chf.services.AsyncServiceImpl;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.chf.util.ResoponseUtil;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 15-1-31.
 */
/*There must be a Controller annotation or the application will doesn't work .*/
@Controller
public class BaseController {
    @Autowired
    AsyncServiceImpl asyncService;
    @Autowired ResoponseUtil ResponseUtil;
//    @RequestMapping(value = "async/{key}")
    @RequestMapping(value = "{key}")
    //async/{key}?
    public String asyncTest(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp,@PathVariable String key) throws Exception {
        asyncService.asyncMethod(key);
        return "common/async";
    }

    //@RequestMapping(params= "method=getStatus",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @RequestMapping("/status")
    public String showAsyncStatus(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
                                 // HttpServletResponse resp,@PathVariable String key) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in status new!!");
        String status = asyncService.getProcess(null);
        ResponseUtil.OutputJson(resp,"{\"status\":\"" + status + "\"}");
        return null;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/clear")
    public String clearAsyncStatus(HttpServletRequest req,@PathVariable String key) throws Exception {
        asyncService.clearCache(key);
        ResponseUtil.OutputJson(resp,"{\"status\":\"ok\"}");
        return null;
    }
}

2)service接口和service方法

package com.chf.services;

/**
 * Created by hfc on 15/10/21.
 */
public interface AsyncService {
    void asyncMethod(String cacheKey) throws Exception;

    public String getProcess(String cacheKey) throws Exception;

    public void clearCache(String cacheKey) throws Exception;

}
package com.chf.services;

/**
 * Created by hfc on 15/10/21.
 */
import com.chf.services.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("asyncService")
public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {

//    @Autowired
//    StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    Integer count = 0;
    @Override
    @Async
    public void asyncMethod(String cacheKey) throws Exception {
        int maxStep = 20;
        for (int i = 0; i < maxStep; i++) {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            count++;
//stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey,(i + 1) + "/" + maxStep);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getProcess(String cacheKey) throws Exception {
        count++;
        if(count>=20)
            return "finish";
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void clearCache(String cacheKey) throws Exception {
        //stringRedisTemplate.delete(cacheKey);
        count = 0;
    }


}

3)index.jsp:

<html>
<head>
    <script src="ui/js/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">

    var timerId = null;//?????ID

    $(document).ready(function () {
//        alert("ready!");
        /*
         ????????н??
         */
        timerId = setInterval(function () {
            getStatus();
        },1000);
        getStatus();
    });

    /**
     ?????н??
     */
    function getStatus() {
        var statusUrl = window.location.href + "/status";
//        alert("asdf");
        $.get(statusUrl,function (data) {
            if (data == null || data.status == null || data.status == "null") {
                updateStatus("ready");
                return;
            }
            var status = data.status;
            updateStatus(status);
            alert("before clear");
            clearInterval(timerId);//???????
            alert("after clear");

//            var temp = status.split("/");
//            if (temp[0] == temp[1]) {
//                updateStatus("finish");
//                clearInterval(timerId);//???????
//                clearStatus();//????redis????
//            }
        })
    }

    /**
     * ?????????????
     */
    function clearStatus() {
        var clearStatusUrl = window.location.href + "/clear";
        $.get(clearStatusUrl,function (data) {
            //alert(data.status);
        })
    }

    /**
     ?????????
     */
    function updateStatus(msg) {
        $("#status").html(msg);
    }
</script>
<div id="msgBox">
    <span>begin processing</span>

    <h1>current task:<span style="color:red" id="status">ready</span></h1>
</div>
<body>
</body>
</html>

4)配置文件

web.xml:

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
          http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">

<display-name>Counter  Web  Application </display-name>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
mvc-dispatch-servlet.xml文件

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
          http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">

<display-name>Counter  Web  Application </display-name>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>

4.启动tomcat,并在浏览器中输入localhost:8080即可。

三、注意点:
1、服务端返回json数据的格式:

1)返回数据的时候将MIMETYPE设置为:

response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");

2)JSON 数据的书写格式是:名称/值对。

名称/值对包括字段名称(在双引号中),后面写一个冒号,然后是值:

"firstName" : "John"
因此服务端在返回的时候要注意双引号。否则浏览器解析的结果不正确。

2、web.xml中通过如下来配置其Context的文件名称

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value><span style="color:#ff6666;">/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</span></param-value>
</context-param>

3.使用注解的方式来使用bean的时候,需要在mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml配置相关的bean。只有配置后,才能使用。

4.在web.xml中有如下的配置:

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
这样所有的url都会被controller拦截。以致于在index.jsp中找不到jquery.js资源。

为了解决这个问题:添加了一个资源拦截配置如下:

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

5.请求过程中遇到400错误,都是因为请求的参数和服务端的参数不一致造成的。

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/ajax/162793.html

猜你在找的Ajax相关文章